| Population |
|---|
| Population |
2025 |
14.7 mn |
8.2 bn |
| Population density · /km² |
2023 |
134.6 |
62.1 |
| Population growth · % |
2025 |
1.05 |
0.91 |
| Life expectancy at birth · years |
2024 |
74.8 |
73.5 |
| Fertility rate |
2024 |
1.96 |
2.19 |
| Birth rate · ‰ |
2024 |
15.8 |
16.3 |
| Infant mortality · ‰ |
2024 |
12.0 |
27.7 |
| Urban population · % |
2025 |
66.1 |
57.8 |
| Population aged 65 and over · % |
2025 |
6.6 |
10.4 |
| Population living in cities (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
46.8 |
44.8 |
| Population living in towns and semi-dense areas (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
28.5 |
35.6 |
| Population living in rural areas (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
15.5 |
19.6 |
| Human development |
|---|
| Human Development Index (HDI) |
2023 |
0.766 |
0.756 |
| Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |
2023 |
0.642 |
0.590 |
| Planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI) |
2023 |
0.666 |
0.680 |
| Gender Inequality Index (GII) |
2023 |
0.291 |
0.455 |
| Economy |
|---|
| Gross domestic product · US$ |
2025 |
128.3 bn |
118.4 tn |
| GDP per capita · US$ |
2025 |
7,259 |
14,406 |
| GDP per capita, purchasing power parity · int. $ |
2025 |
23,678 |
25,704 |
| GNI per capita (Atlas method) · US$ |
2025 |
6,210 |
14,244 |
| Real GDP growth · % |
2025 |
4.5 |
2.9 |
| Inflation, consumer prices · % |
2025 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
| Trade (exports plus imports) · % |
2025 |
77.3 |
68.5 |
| Exports of goods and services · % |
2025 |
28.7 |
29.5 |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows · % |
2024 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
| Manufacturing, value added · % |
2025 |
13.7 |
14.9 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added · % |
2025 |
8.0 |
4.0 |
| Tax revenue · % |
2024 |
15.2 |
13.8 |
| Central government debt · % |
2019 |
50.7 |
- |
| Military expenditure · % |
2024 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
| Labour |
|---|
| Unemployment rate (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
3.8 |
4.8 |
| Youth unemployment rate (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
11.5 |
13.4 |
| Female labour force participation · % |
2025 |
51.3 |
48.9 |
| Employment in agriculture (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
21.1 |
25.8 |
| Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person · h |
2025 |
41.6 |
40.9 |
| Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET), ages 15-24 · % |
2025 |
16.3 |
20.0 |
| Labour income share of GDP · % |
2024 |
41.6 |
52.5 |
| Output per hour worked (GDP, constant 2021 international $ at PPP) · $ |
2025 |
20.6 |
23.3 |
| Health |
|---|
| Current health expenditure · % |
2023 |
5.0 |
10.1 |
| Current health expenditure per capita · US$ |
2023 |
333 |
1,317 |
| Physicians · /1,000 |
2022 |
2.63 |
1.86 |
| Under-5 mortality · ‰ |
2024 |
13.4 |
37.4 |
| Maternal mortality ratio (modelled estimate) · /100k |
2023 |
23 |
197 |
| Current tobacco use among adults · % |
2024 |
20.7 |
20.3 |
| People using safely managed drinking water · % |
2024 |
78.5 |
73.7 |
| Food |
|---|
| Dietary energy supply per person · kcal |
2023 |
2,888 |
3,017 |
| Average protein supply per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
90.9 |
92.5 |
| Average supply of protein of animal origin per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
40.7 |
38.7 |
| Average fat supply per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
85.6 |
89.7 |
| Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (3-year average) · % |
2024 |
12.4 |
26.8 |
| Prevalence of severe food insecurity (3-year average) · % |
2024 |
3.4 |
9.8 |
| Cereal import dependency ratio (3-year average) · % |
2022 |
43.4 |
-0.9 |
| Education |
|---|
| Adult literacy rate · % |
2024 |
97.9 |
87.7 |
| School enrolment, secondary (gross) · % |
2024 |
92.1 |
77.3 |
| School enrolment, tertiary (gross) · % |
2023 |
44.9 |
43.2 |
| Government expenditure on education · % |
2023 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
| Expected years of schooling · yrs |
2023 |
13.2 |
13.0 |
| Mean years of schooling (adults 25+) · yrs |
2023 |
10.2 |
8.8 |
| Society |
|---|
| Gini index of income inequality |
2018 |
36.0 |
- |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) · % |
2018 |
1.4 |
11.1 |
| Individuals using the internet · % |
2024 |
88.2 |
71.2 |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions · /100 |
2024 |
127.1 |
110.4 |
| Access to electricity · % |
2024 |
100.0 |
91.9 |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments · % |
2025 |
19.7 |
27.2 |
| Refugees |
|---|
| Refugees hosted (under UNHCR mandate, by country of asylum) |
2025 |
4,407 |
28.5 mn |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 inhabitants · ‰ |
2025 |
0.2 |
3.5 |
| Asylum-seekers hosted (pending cases, by country of asylum) |
2025 |
611 |
9 mn |
| Refugees originating from the country (under UNHCR mandate) |
2025 |
4,664 |
28.5 mn |
| Refugees originating from the country per 1,000 inhabitants · ‰ |
2025 |
0.2 |
3.5 |
| Governance |
|---|
| Control of corruption · /100 |
2024 |
40.1 |
- |
| Government effectiveness · /100 |
2024 |
52.1 |
- |
| Rule of law · /100 |
2024 |
52.1 |
- |
| Regulatory quality · /100 |
2024 |
53.6 |
- |
| Voice and accountability · /100 |
2024 |
42.7 |
- |
| Political stability and absence of violence · /100 |
2024 |
62.2 |
- |
| Environment |
|---|
| CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding land use) · t |
2024 |
3.81 |
4.69 |
| Fossil CO₂ emissions (fossil fuels and cement) · Mt |
2024 |
48.7 |
38,598.6 |
| Share of global fossil CO₂ emissions · % |
2024 |
0.13 |
100.00 |
| Cumulative fossil CO₂ emissions since 1750 · Gt |
2024 |
2.0 |
1,849.1 |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions per capita (excluding land use) · t |
2024 |
5.36 |
6.36 |
| Renewable energy consumption · % |
2021 |
10.3 |
- |
| Forest area · % |
2023 |
14.1 |
31.1 |
| PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure · µg/m³ |
2023 |
27.6 |
32.9 |
| Level of water stress (freshwater withdrawal of available resources) · % |
2022 |
49.0 |
- |
| Land area · km² |
2023 |
159,935 |
129.8 mn |
| Energy |
|---|
| Share of renewables in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
19.8 |
31.6 |
| Share of wind and solar in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
3.8 |
15.0 |
| Share of nuclear in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
| Share of low-carbon sources (renewables and nuclear) in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
22.4 |
40.6 |
| Share of fossil fuels in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
77.6 |
59.4 |
| Share of coal in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
4.5 |
34.4 |
| Carbon intensity of electricity generation · g/kWh |
2024 |
541 |
474 |
| Electricity demand per capita · MWh |
2024 |
3.20 |
3.81 |
