Country

Romania

EU member state since 2007 · world profile (World Bank data)

Best rank in the EU 1st obesity, of 26

Where it stands out

rank among EU countries

Best ranks

  1. Obesity 1st of 26
  2. Emissions 2nd of 27
  3. Life satisfaction 2nd of 27

Lowest ranks

  1. Digital skills 27th of 27
  2. Early leavers 26th of 26
  3. Housing overcrowding 27th of 27

Map

4 regions

 

Boundaries: Natural Earth (unofficial boundaries), simplified · sources and licences

Over time

6 charts

GDP per capita

€/inh. · 1995-2025

Romania EU average

0 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 1995 Romania: 1,260 EU average: 14,910 1996 Romania: 1,280 EU average: 15,600 1997 Romania: 1,390 EU average: 16,010 1998 Romania: 1,650 EU average: 16,670 1999 Romania: 1,500 EU average: 17,420 2000 Romania: 1,810 EU average: 18,420 2001 Romania: 2,010 EU average: 19,270 2002 Romania: 2,250 EU average: 19,930 2003 Romania: 2,370 EU average: 20,400 2004 Romania: 2,820 EU average: 21,250 2005 Romania: 3,720 EU average: 22,110 2006 Romania: 4,590 EU average: 23,320 2007 Romania: 6,110 EU average: 24,680 2008 Romania: 7,140 EU average: 25,390 2009 Romania: 6,150 EU average: 24,230 2010 Romania: 6,340 EU average: 25,090 2011 Romania: 6,880 EU average: 25,880 2012 Romania: 6,940 EU average: 25,980 2013 Romania: 7,150 EU average: 26,260 2014 Romania: 7,560 EU average: 26,860 2015 Romania: 8,090 EU average: 27,810 2016 Romania: 8,500 EU average: 28,510 2017 Romania: 9,510 EU average: 29,680 2018 Romania: 10,510 EU average: 30,680 2019 Romania: 11,520 EU average: 31,740 2020 Romania: 11,390 EU average: 30,560 2021 Romania: 12,590 EU average: 33,330 2022 Romania: 14,740 EU average: 36,180 2023 Romania: 16,870 EU average: 38,450 2024 Romania: 18,550 EU average: 40,110 2025 Romania: 19,960 EU average: 41,700 1995 2005 2010 2015 2025

Real GDP growth

% · 1996-2025

Romania EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 1996 Romania: 3.9 EU average: 1.8 1997 Romania: -4.8 EU average: 2.7 1998 Romania: -2 EU average: 3 1999 Romania: -0.4 EU average: 3 2000 Romania: 2.5 EU average: 3.9 2001 Romania: 5.2 EU average: 2.1 2002 Romania: 5.7 EU average: 1 2003 Romania: 2.3 EU average: 0.9 2004 Romania: 10.4 EU average: 2.5 2005 Romania: 4.7 EU average: 1.9 2006 Romania: 8 EU average: 3.5 2007 Romania: 7.2 EU average: 3.1 2008 Romania: 9.3 EU average: 0.6 2009 Romania: -5.5 EU average: -4.3 2010 Romania: -3.9 EU average: 2.1 2011 Romania: 4.5 EU average: 1.9 2012 Romania: 1.9 EU average: -0.8 2013 Romania: 0.3 EU average: 0 2014 Romania: 4.1 EU average: 1.6 2015 Romania: 3.2 EU average: 2.4 2016 Romania: 2.9 EU average: 1.9 2017 Romania: 8.2 EU average: 2.8 2018 Romania: 5.4 EU average: 2.1 2019 Romania: 4 EU average: 1.9 2020 Romania: -3.6 EU average: -5.5 2021 Romania: 5.6 EU average: 6.4 2022 Romania: 4.2 EU average: 3.6 2023 Romania: 2.3 EU average: 0.4 2024 Romania: 0.9 EU average: 1.3 2025 Romania: 0.7 EU average: 1.4 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

HICP inflation rate

% · 1996-2025

Romania EU average

-50 0 50 100 150 200 1996 Romania: 38.8 EU average: 0 1997 Romania: 154.9 EU average: 0 1998 Romania: 59.1 EU average: 0 1999 Romania: 45.8 EU average: 0 2000 Romania: 45.7 EU average: 0 2001 Romania: 34.5 EU average: 3.6 2002 Romania: 22.5 EU average: 2.7 2003 Romania: 15.3 EU average: 2.3 2004 Romania: 11.9 EU average: 2.5 2005 Romania: 9.1 EU average: 2.3 2006 Romania: 6.6 EU average: 2.3 2007 Romania: 4.9 EU average: 2.4 2008 Romania: 7.9 EU average: 3.7 2009 Romania: 5.6 EU average: 0.8 2010 Romania: 6.1 EU average: 1.8 2011 Romania: 5.8 EU average: 2.9 2012 Romania: 3.4 EU average: 2.6 2013 Romania: 3.2 EU average: 1.3 2014 Romania: 1.4 EU average: 0.4 2015 Romania: -0.4 EU average: 0.1 2016 Romania: -1.1 EU average: 0.2 2017 Romania: 1.1 EU average: 1.6 2018 Romania: 4.1 EU average: 1.8 2019 Romania: 3.9 EU average: 1.4 2020 Romania: 2.3 EU average: 0.7 2021 Romania: 4.1 EU average: 2.9 2022 Romania: 12 EU average: 9.2 2023 Romania: 9.7 EU average: 6.4 2024 Romania: 5.8 EU average: 2.6 2025 Romania: 6.8 EU average: 2.5 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

Annual change in house prices

% · 2010-2025

Romania EU average

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 2010 Romania: -7.5 EU average: 0.5 2011 Romania: -12.3 EU average: 0.6 2012 Romania: -5.1 EU average: -2.1 2013 Romania: -0.2 EU average: -1.7 2014 Romania: -2.1 EU average: 0.7 2015 Romania: 2.9 EU average: 2.3 2016 Romania: 5.9 EU average: 4.3 2017 Romania: 6 EU average: 4.8 2018 Romania: 5.6 EU average: 5 2019 Romania: 3.4 EU average: 4.9 2020 Romania: 4.7 EU average: 5.6 2021 Romania: 4.4 EU average: 8.4 2022 Romania: 7.2 EU average: 8 2023 Romania: 3.3 EU average: -0.3 2024 Romania: 5 EU average: 3.4 2025 Romania: 5.7 EU average: 5.5 2010 2016 2019 2025

R&D expenditure

% of GDP · 1995-2024

Romania EU average

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1995 Romania: 0.76 EU average: 1.73 1996 Romania: 0.67 EU average: 1.72 1997 Romania: 0.57 EU average: 1.72 1998 Romania: 0.5 EU average: 1.73 1999 Romania: 0.4 EU average: 1.78 2000 Romania: 0.37 EU average: 1.81 2001 Romania: 0.39 EU average: 1.82 2002 Romania: 0.38 EU average: 1.83 2003 Romania: 0.4 EU average: 1.82 2004 Romania: 0.39 EU average: 1.79 2005 Romania: 0.41 EU average: 1.78 2006 Romania: 0.46 EU average: 1.8 2007 Romania: 0.51 EU average: 1.79 2008 Romania: 0.55 EU average: 1.87 2009 Romania: 0.44 EU average: 1.96 2010 Romania: 0.45 EU average: 1.96 2011 Romania: 0.47 EU average: 2 2012 Romania: 0.46 EU average: 2.06 2013 Romania: 0.39 EU average: 2.08 2014 Romania: 0.38 EU average: 2.09 2015 Romania: 0.49 EU average: 2.1 2016 Romania: 0.49 EU average: 2.1 2017 Romania: 0.51 EU average: 2.14 2018 Romania: 0.5 EU average: 2.17 2019 Romania: 0.48 EU average: 2.21 2020 Romania: 0.47 EU average: 2.28 2021 Romania: 0.47 EU average: 2.24 2022 Romania: 0.46 EU average: 2.22 2023 Romania: 0.52 EU average: 2.26 2024 Romania: 0.46 EU average: 2.24 1995 2005 2010 2015 2024

Electricity price for households

€/kWh · 2007S2-2025S2

Romania EU average

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 2007S2 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.15 2008S1 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.16 2008S2 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.17 2009S1 Romania: 0.1 EU average: 0.17 2009S2 Romania: 0.1 EU average: 0.17 2010S1 Romania: 0.1 EU average: 0.17 2010S2 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.18 2011S1 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.19 2011S2 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.19 2012S1 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.19 2012S2 Romania: 0.11 EU average: 0.2 2013S1 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.2 2013S2 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2014S1 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2014S2 Romania: 0.12 EU average: 0.21 2015S1 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2015S2 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2016S1 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2016S2 Romania: 0.12 EU average: 0.21 2017S1 Romania: 0.12 EU average: 0.21 2017S2 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2018S1 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2018S2 Romania: 0.13 EU average: 0.22 2019S1 Romania: 0.14 EU average: 0.22 2019S2 Romania: 0.14 EU average: 0.22 2020S1 Romania: 0.15 EU average: 0.21 2020S2 Romania: 0.14 EU average: 0.22 2021S1 Romania: 0.15 EU average: 0.22 2021S2 Romania: 0.16 EU average: 0.24 2022S1 Romania: 0.24 EU average: 0.25 2022S2 Romania: 0.34 EU average: 0.28 2023S1 Romania: 0.19 EU average: 0.29 2023S2 Romania: 0.19 EU average: 0.28 2024S1 Romania: 0.19 EU average: 0.29 2024S2 Romania: 0.19 EU average: 0.29 2025S1 Romania: 0.19 EU average: 0.29 2025S2 Romania: 0.29 EU average: 0.29 2007S2 2013S2 2016S2 2019S2 2025S2

Economy

11 indicators
GDP per capita
19,960 €/inh.
+1,410 vs 2024
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 41,700 €/inh.
2025 · country ranking
GDP growth
0.7 %
−0.2 vs 2024
23rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.4 %
2025 · country ranking
Inflation
6.8 %
+1.0 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.5 %
2025 · country ranking
House prices
5.7 %
+0.7 vs 2024
15th of 26 EU countries
EU average 5.5 %
2025 · country ranking
R&D
0.46 % of GDP
−0.06 vs 2023
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.24 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Electricity price
0.2893 €/kWh
+0.0975 vs 2025S1
20th of 27 EU countries
EU average 0.2896 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Tax-to-GDP ratio
28.8 % of GDP
+1.3 vs 2023
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 40.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Gas price
0.0566 €/kWh
+0.0007 vs 2025S1
3rd of 23 EU countries
EU average 0.1228 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Government debt
59.3 %
+4.5 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 81.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Price level
57.4
+2.7 vs 2023
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 100.0
2024 · country ranking
Budget balance
-7.9 %
+1.4 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average -3.1 %
2025 · country ranking

Labour

7 indicators
Employment
69.0 %
−0.5 vs 2024
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 76.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unemployment
6.1 %
+0.7 vs 2024
16th of 27 EU countries
EU average 6.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Minimum wage
825 €
+30 vs 2026S1
20th of 22 EU countries
2026S2 · country ranking
Gender pay gap
3.7 %
−0.1 vs 2023
3rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.1 %
2024 · country ranking
Long-term unemployment
2.1 %
+0.3 vs 2024
19th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.9 %
2025 · country ranking
NEET rate
19.2 %
−0.2 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Working hours
40.0 h
0 vs 2024
3rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 37.3 h
2025 · country ranking

Population

7 indicators
Healthy life expectancy
65.0 years
+5.8 vs 2023
9th of 26 EU countries
EU average 65.2 years
2024 · country ranking
Doctors
381 per 100k
+9 vs 2023
20th of 26 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Infant mortality
6.6 ‰
+1.0 vs 2023
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 3.5 ‰
2024 · country ranking
Obesity
10.5 %
+1.4 vs 2014
1st of 26 EU countries
EU average 16.0 %
2019 · country ranking
Population
19 mn
6th of 27 EU countries
2026 · country ranking
Life expectancy
75.9 years
+0.2 vs 2023
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 80.8 years
2024 · country ranking
Fertility
1.39
−0.15 vs 2023
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.34
2024 · country ranking

Environment

8 indicators
Emissions
3.4 t/inh.
0 vs 2023
2nd of 27 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Energy imports
30.4 %
+2.5 vs 2023
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 57.3 %
2024 · country ranking
Municipal waste
305 kg
+2 vs 2022
EU average 511 kg
2023 · country ranking
Renewable electricity
49.9 %
+2.3 vs 2024
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 49.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Organic farming
6.2 %
+0.7 vs 2023
19th of 25 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Air pollution deaths
74 per 100k
−20 vs 2022
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 41 per 100k
2023 · country ranking
Renewables
25.6 %
+0.2 vs 2024
12th of 27 EU countries
EU average 26.2 %
2025 · country ranking
Recycling
12.4 %
+0.1 vs 2022
EU average 47.9 %
2023 · country ranking

Society

19 indicators
Health spending
6.2 %
+0.4 vs 2023
24th of 25 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Tertiary educated
19.5 %
+0.3 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 36.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Adult learning
10.2 %
+1.3 vs 2024
22nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 13.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Poverty risk
27.4 %
−0.5 vs 2024
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 20.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Income inequality
28.8
−1.5 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 28.6
2025 · country ranking
Internet use
93.2 %
+1.9 vs 2024
17th of 27 EU countries
EU average 93.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Road deaths
8 per mn
0 vs 2023
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4 per mn
2024 · country ranking
Housing overcrowding
40.4 %
−0.3 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 16.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Passenger cars
461 per 1,000
+17 vs 2024
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 584 per 1,000
2025 · country ranking
Early leavers
15.5 %
−1.3 vs 2024
26th of 26 EU countries
EU average 9.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unable to keep warm
11.9 %
+1.1 vs 2024
22nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 8.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Burglaries
132 per 100k
−13 vs 2023
9th of 24 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Housing overburden
5.0 %
+0.3 vs 2024
8th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Home ownership
93.2 %
−1.1 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 68.5 %
2025 · country ranking
Travel by car
82.1 %
+0.8 vs 2023
12th of 27 EU countries
EU average 82.5 %
2024 · country ranking
Health expenditure
5.2 % of GDP
+0.4 vs 2023
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Education spending
4.0 % of GDP
+0.5 vs 2023
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4.7 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Life satisfaction
7.8 /10
+0.1 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.2 /10
2025 · country ranking
Digital skills
31.8 %
+4.1 vs 2023
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 60.4 %
2025 · country ranking

Regions

NUTS

NUTS 1 4

NUTS 2 8

NUTS 3 42

Where the data comes from

© European Union, source: Eurostat - datasets, licence and methods.

Ranks are among EU member states. Where less is better (unemployment, debt), the lowest value ranks first.