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R&D expenditure

32 European countries compared for 2024, eu average 2.26 % of GDP. Eurostat data.

First in the ranking

3.53 % of GDP

Sweden

EU average

2.26 % of GDP

27 member states

Median country

1.52 % of GDP

half above, half below

Range

0.29 to 3.53

Montenegro - Sweden

How to read it

Across 32 countries, the highest value is in Sweden (3.53 % of GDP) and the lowest in Montenegro (0.29 % of GDP).

Half of the countries are above 1.52 % of GDP and half below.

The EU average is 2.26 % of GDP; 8 of 32 countries are above it.

For the EU as a whole, the value rose from 1.78 % of GDP in 2005 to 2.26 % of GDP in 2024.

GERD by sector of performance
Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) · All sectors

Eurostat methods can differ from the World Bank data used elsewhere on the site - source and licence.

R&D over time

% of GDP

Add to chart: European Union Euro area

Ranking of countries

2024

In chart
Sweden in chart	1	Sweden	3.53	+1.27
Austria in chart	2	Austria	3.34	+1.08
Belgium in chart	3	Belgium	3.25	+0.99
Finland in chart	4	Finland	3.22	+0.96
Denmark in chart	5	Denmark	3.15	+0.89
Germany in chart	6	Germany	3.12	+0.86
Iceland in chart	7	Iceland non-EU	2.47	+0.21
Netherlands in chart	8	Netherlands	2.37	+0.11
France in chart	9	France	2.18	−0.08
Slovenia in chart	10	Slovenia	2.14	−0.12
Estonia in chart	11	Estonia	1.98	−0.28
Czechia in chart	12	Czechia	1.82	−0.44
Norway in chart	13	Norway non-EU	1.75	−0.51
Portugal in chart	14	Portugal	1.73	−0.53
Ireland in chart	15	Ireland	1.59	−0.67
Greece in chart	16	Greece	1.53	−0.73
Spain in chart	17	Spain	1.50	−0.76
Türkiye in chart	18	Türkiye non-EU	1.46	−0.80
Italy in chart	19	Italy	1.41	−0.85
Croatia in chart	20	Croatia	1.41	−0.85
Poland in chart	21	Poland	1.40	−0.86
Hungary in chart	22	Hungary	1.31	−0.95
Lithuania in chart	23	Lithuania	1.12	−1.14
Luxembourg in chart	24	Luxembourg	1.04	−1.22
Slovakia in chart	25	Slovakia	0.98	−1.28
Latvia in chart	26	Latvia	0.94	−1.32
Serbia in chart	27	Serbia non-EU	0.93	−1.33
Bulgaria in chart	28	Bulgaria	0.77	−1.49
Cyprus in chart	29	Cyprus	0.64	−1.62
Malta in chart	30	Malta	0.61	−1.65
Romania in chart	31	Romania	0.46	−1.80
Montenegro in chart	32	Montenegro non-EU	0.29	−1.97

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart, up to six at a time - a chart with more lines stops being readable. The ranking is for the latest period in which most countries have a value. EU and euro area aggregates do not take part in the ranking.