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R&D expenditure

32 European countries compared for 2024, eu average 2.24 % of GDP. Eurostat data.

First in the ranking

3.56 % of GDP

Sweden

EU average

2.24 % of GDP

27 member states

Median country

1.48 % of GDP

half above, half below

Range

0.29 to 3.56

Montenegro - Sweden

How to read it

Across 32 countries, the highest value is in Sweden (3.56 % of GDP) and the lowest in Montenegro (0.29 % of GDP).

Half of the countries are above 1.48 % of GDP and half below.

The EU average is 2.24 % of GDP; 8 of 32 countries are above it.

For the EU as a whole, the value rose from 1.78 % of GDP in 2005 to 2.24 % of GDP in 2024.

GERD by sector of performance
Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) · All sectors

Eurostat methods can differ from the World Bank data used elsewhere on the site - source and licence.

R&D over time

% of GDP

Add to chart: European Union Euro area

Ranking of countries

2024

In chart
Sweden in chart	1	Sweden	3.56	+1.32
Belgium in chart	2	Belgium	3.36	+1.12
Austria in chart	3	Austria	3.26	+1.02
Finland in chart	4	Finland	3.22	+0.98
Germany in chart	5	Germany	3.13	+0.89
Denmark in chart	6	Denmark	3.01	+0.77
Iceland in chart	7	Iceland non-EU	2.47	+0.23
Netherlands in chart	8	Netherlands	2.29	+0.05
France in chart	9	France	2.18	−0.06
Slovenia in chart	10	Slovenia	2.16	−0.08
Estonia in chart	11	Estonia	1.99	−0.25
Czechia in chart	12	Czechia	1.82	−0.42
Norway in chart	13	Norway non-EU	1.74	−0.50
Portugal in chart	14	Portugal	1.73	−0.51
Greece in chart	15	Greece	1.54	−0.70
Spain in chart	16	Spain	1.50	−0.74
Türkiye in chart	17	Türkiye non-EU	1.46	−0.78
Poland in chart	18	Poland	1.41	−0.83
Italy in chart	19	Italy	1.38	−0.86
Ireland in chart	20	Ireland	1.38	−0.86
Croatia in chart	21	Croatia	1.35	−0.89
Hungary in chart	22	Hungary	1.31	−0.93
Lithuania in chart	23	Lithuania	1.04	−1.20
Luxembourg in chart	24	Luxembourg	0.99	−1.25
Slovakia in chart	25	Slovakia	0.98	−1.26
Serbia in chart	26	Serbia non-EU	0.93	−1.31
Latvia in chart	27	Latvia	0.92	−1.32
Bulgaria in chart	28	Bulgaria	0.77	−1.47
Cyprus in chart	29	Cyprus	0.65	−1.59
Malta in chart	30	Malta	0.54	−1.70
Romania in chart	31	Romania	0.46	−1.78
Montenegro in chart	32	Montenegro non-EU	0.29	−1.95

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart, up to six at a time - a chart with more lines stops being readable. The ranking is for the latest period in which most countries have a value. EU and euro area aggregates do not take part in the ranking.