Country

Poland

EU member state since 2004 · world profile (World Bank data)

Best rank in the EU 2nd unemployment, of 27

Where it stands out

rank among EU countries

Best ranks

  1. Unemployment 2nd of 27
  2. Poverty risk 2nd of 27
  3. Municipal waste 2nd of 20

Lowest ranks

  1. Budget balance 26th of 27
  2. Organic farming 23rd of 25
  3. Recycling 18th of 20

Map

7 regions

 

Boundaries: Natural Earth (unofficial boundaries), simplified · sources and licences

Over time

6 charts

GDP per capita

€/inh. · 1995-2025

Poland EU average

0 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 1995 Poland: 2,850 EU average: 14,910 1996 Poland: 3,310 EU average: 15,600 1997 Poland: 3,690 EU average: 16,010 1998 Poland: 4,060 EU average: 16,670 1999 Poland: 4,190 EU average: 17,420 2000 Poland: 4,900 EU average: 18,420 2001 Poland: 5,590 EU average: 19,270 2002 Poland: 5,520 EU average: 19,930 2003 Poland: 5,060 EU average: 20,400 2004 Poland: 5,420 EU average: 21,250 2005 Poland: 6,470 EU average: 22,110 2006 Poland: 7,230 EU average: 23,320 2007 Poland: 8,250 EU average: 24,680 2008 Poland: 9,640 EU average: 25,390 2009 Poland: 8,330 EU average: 24,230 2010 Poland: 9,490 EU average: 25,090 2011 Poland: 9,970 EU average: 25,880 2012 Poland: 10,190 EU average: 25,980 2013 Poland: 10,260 EU average: 26,260 2014 Poland: 10,750 EU average: 26,860 2015 Poland: 11,390 EU average: 27,810 2016 Poland: 11,270 EU average: 28,510 2017 Poland: 12,360 EU average: 29,680 2018 Poland: 13,280 EU average: 30,680 2019 Poland: 14,190 EU average: 31,740 2020 Poland: 14,310 EU average: 30,560 2021 Poland: 15,770 EU average: 33,330 2022 Poland: 17,520 EU average: 36,180 2023 Poland: 19,980 EU average: 38,450 2024 Poland: 22,710 EU average: 40,110 2025 Poland: 24,680 EU average: 41,700 1995 2005 2010 2015 2025

Real GDP growth

% · 1996-2025

Poland EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 1996 Poland: 6.1 EU average: 1.8 1997 Poland: 6.4 EU average: 2.7 1998 Poland: 4.6 EU average: 3 1999 Poland: 4.7 EU average: 3 2000 Poland: 4.7 EU average: 3.9 2001 Poland: 1.2 EU average: 2.1 2002 Poland: 1.9 EU average: 1 2003 Poland: 3.5 EU average: 0.9 2004 Poland: 5.1 EU average: 2.5 2005 Poland: 3.3 EU average: 1.9 2006 Poland: 6.2 EU average: 3.5 2007 Poland: 6.8 EU average: 3.1 2008 Poland: 4.4 EU average: 0.6 2009 Poland: 2.6 EU average: -4.3 2010 Poland: 3.2 EU average: 2.1 2011 Poland: 5.3 EU average: 1.9 2012 Poland: 1.5 EU average: -0.8 2013 Poland: 0.7 EU average: 0 2014 Poland: 3.9 EU average: 1.6 2015 Poland: 4.4 EU average: 2.4 2016 Poland: 3 EU average: 1.9 2017 Poland: 5.2 EU average: 2.8 2018 Poland: 6.2 EU average: 2.1 2019 Poland: 4.6 EU average: 1.9 2020 Poland: -2 EU average: -5.5 2021 Poland: 6.9 EU average: 6.4 2022 Poland: 5.3 EU average: 3.6 2023 Poland: 0.2 EU average: 0.4 2024 Poland: 3.2 EU average: 1.3 2025 Poland: 3.6 EU average: 1.4 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

HICP inflation rate

% · 1997-2025

Poland EU average

-5 0 5 10 15 20 1997 Poland: 15 EU average: 0 1998 Poland: 11.8 EU average: 0 1999 Poland: 7.2 EU average: 0 2000 Poland: 10.1 EU average: 0 2001 Poland: 5.3 EU average: 3.6 2002 Poland: 1.9 EU average: 2.7 2003 Poland: 0.7 EU average: 2.3 2004 Poland: 3.6 EU average: 2.5 2005 Poland: 2.2 EU average: 2.3 2006 Poland: 1.3 EU average: 2.3 2007 Poland: 2.6 EU average: 2.4 2008 Poland: 4.2 EU average: 3.7 2009 Poland: 4 EU average: 0.8 2010 Poland: 2.6 EU average: 1.8 2011 Poland: 3.9 EU average: 2.9 2012 Poland: 3.7 EU average: 2.6 2013 Poland: 0.8 EU average: 1.3 2014 Poland: 0.1 EU average: 0.4 2015 Poland: -0.7 EU average: 0.1 2016 Poland: -0.2 EU average: 0.2 2017 Poland: 1.6 EU average: 1.6 2018 Poland: 1.2 EU average: 1.8 2019 Poland: 2.1 EU average: 1.4 2020 Poland: 3.7 EU average: 0.7 2021 Poland: 5.2 EU average: 2.9 2022 Poland: 13.2 EU average: 9.2 2023 Poland: 10.9 EU average: 6.4 2024 Poland: 3.7 EU average: 2.6 2025 Poland: 3.3 EU average: 2.5 1997 2007 2012 2017 2025

Annual change in house prices

% · 2011-2025

Poland EU average

-5 0 5 10 15 20 2011 Poland: 0.1 EU average: 0.6 2012 Poland: -3.5 EU average: -2.1 2013 Poland: -4.4 EU average: -1.7 2014 Poland: 1 EU average: 0.7 2015 Poland: 1.5 EU average: 2.3 2016 Poland: 1.9 EU average: 4.3 2017 Poland: 3.9 EU average: 4.8 2018 Poland: 6.6 EU average: 5 2019 Poland: 8.7 EU average: 4.9 2020 Poland: 10.5 EU average: 5.6 2021 Poland: 9.2 EU average: 8.4 2022 Poland: 11.8 EU average: 8 2023 Poland: 8.8 EU average: -0.3 2024 Poland: 15 EU average: 3.4 2025 Poland: 4.9 EU average: 5.5 2011 2017 2020 2025

R&D expenditure

% of GDP · 1995-2024

Poland EU average

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1995 Poland: 0.62 EU average: 1.73 1996 Poland: 0.64 EU average: 1.72 1997 Poland: 0.64 EU average: 1.72 1998 Poland: 0.66 EU average: 1.73 1999 Poland: 0.68 EU average: 1.78 2000 Poland: 0.64 EU average: 1.81 2001 Poland: 0.62 EU average: 1.82 2002 Poland: 0.56 EU average: 1.83 2003 Poland: 0.54 EU average: 1.82 2004 Poland: 0.55 EU average: 1.79 2005 Poland: 0.56 EU average: 1.78 2006 Poland: 0.55 EU average: 1.8 2007 Poland: 0.56 EU average: 1.79 2008 Poland: 0.6 EU average: 1.87 2009 Poland: 0.66 EU average: 1.96 2010 Poland: 0.72 EU average: 1.96 2011 Poland: 0.75 EU average: 2 2012 Poland: 0.88 EU average: 2.06 2013 Poland: 0.88 EU average: 2.08 2014 Poland: 0.95 EU average: 2.09 2015 Poland: 1 EU average: 2.1 2016 Poland: 0.96 EU average: 2.1 2017 Poland: 1.03 EU average: 2.14 2018 Poland: 1.19 EU average: 2.17 2019 Poland: 1.31 EU average: 2.21 2020 Poland: 1.37 EU average: 2.28 2021 Poland: 1.42 EU average: 2.24 2022 Poland: 1.44 EU average: 2.22 2023 Poland: 1.56 EU average: 2.26 2024 Poland: 1.41 EU average: 2.24 1995 2005 2010 2015 2024

Electricity price for households

€/kWh · 2007S2-2025S2

Poland EU average

0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 2007S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.15 2008S1 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.16 2008S2 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.17 2009S1 Poland: 0.11 EU average: 0.17 2009S2 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.17 2010S1 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.17 2010S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.18 2011S1 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.19 2011S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.19 2012S1 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.19 2012S2 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.2 2013S1 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.2 2013S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2014S1 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2014S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2015S1 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2015S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2016S1 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.21 2016S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2017S1 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2017S2 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.21 2018S1 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.21 2018S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.22 2019S1 Poland: 0.13 EU average: 0.22 2019S2 Poland: 0.14 EU average: 0.22 2020S1 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.21 2020S2 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.22 2021S1 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.22 2021S2 Poland: 0.16 EU average: 0.24 2022S1 Poland: 0.15 EU average: 0.25 2022S2 Poland: 0.16 EU average: 0.28 2023S1 Poland: 0.18 EU average: 0.29 2023S2 Poland: 0.22 EU average: 0.28 2024S1 Poland: 0.21 EU average: 0.29 2024S2 Poland: 0.25 EU average: 0.29 2025S1 Poland: 0.26 EU average: 0.29 2025S2 Poland: 0.27 EU average: 0.29 2007S2 2013S2 2016S2 2019S2 2025S2

Economy

11 indicators
GDP per capita
24,680 €/inh.
+1,970 vs 2024
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 41,700 €/inh.
2025 · country ranking
GDP growth
3.6 %
+0.4 vs 2024
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.4 %
2025 · country ranking
Inflation
3.3 %
−0.4 vs 2024
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.5 %
2025 · country ranking
House prices
4.9 %
−10.1 vs 2024
17th of 26 EU countries
EU average 5.5 %
2025 · country ranking
R&D
1.41 % of GDP
−0.15 vs 2023
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.24 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Electricity price
0.2709 €/kWh
+0.0150 vs 2025S1
17th of 27 EU countries
EU average 0.2896 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Tax-to-GDP ratio
37.6 % of GDP
+1.7 vs 2023
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 40.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Gas price
0.0730 €/kWh
+0.0047 vs 2023S1
EU average 0.1141 €/kWh
2023S2 · country ranking
Government debt
59.7 %
+4.9 vs 2024
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 81.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Price level
70.2
+4.9 vs 2023
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 100.0
2024 · country ranking
Budget balance
-7.3 %
−0.9 vs 2024
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average -3.1 %
2025 · country ranking

Labour

7 indicators
Employment
78.8 %
+0.4 vs 2024
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 76.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unemployment
3.1 %
+0.2 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 6.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Minimum wage
1,119 €
−20 vs 2026S1
10th of 22 EU countries
2026S2 · country ranking
Gender pay gap
4.0 %
−1.9 vs 2023
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.1 %
2024 · country ranking
Long-term unemployment
0.8 %
0 vs 2024
3rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.9 %
2025 · country ranking
NEET rate
9.2 %
−0.2 vs 2024
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Working hours
40.1 h
0 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 37.3 h
2025 · country ranking

Population

7 indicators
Healthy life expectancy
64.7 years
+1.6 vs 2023
11th of 26 EU countries
EU average 65.2 years
2024 · country ranking
Doctors
386 per 100k
+12 vs 2023
19th of 26 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Infant mortality
3.6 ‰
−0.3 vs 2023
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 3.5 ‰
2024 · country ranking
Obesity
18.5 %
+1.8 vs 2014
17th of 26 EU countries
EU average 16.0 %
2019 · country ranking
Population
36.3 mn
5th of 27 EU countries
2026 · country ranking
Life expectancy
77.8 years
+0.3 vs 2023
22nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 80.8 years
2024 · country ranking
Fertility
1.14
−0.06 vs 2023
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.34
2024 · country ranking

Environment

8 indicators
Emissions
8.7 t/inh.
+0.3 vs 2023
23rd of 27 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Energy imports
45.7 %
−2.3 vs 2023
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average 57.3 %
2024 · country ranking
Municipal waste
387 kg
+20 vs 2023
2nd of 20 EU countries
EU average 517 kg
2024 · country ranking
Renewable electricity
32.5 %
+2.1 vs 2024
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 49.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Organic farming
4.9 %
+0.4 vs 2023
23rd of 25 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Air pollution deaths
69 per 100k
−24 vs 2022
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 41 per 100k
2023 · country ranking
Renewables
18.7 %
+0.9 vs 2024
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 26.2 %
2025 · country ranking
Recycling
31.1 %
+3.5 vs 2023
18th of 20 EU countries
EU average 48.1 %
2024 · country ranking

Society

19 indicators
Health spending
8.9 %
+1.1 vs 2024
19th of 25 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Tertiary educated
40.0 %
+0.5 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 36.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Adult learning
8.8 %
−1.2 vs 2024
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 13.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Poverty risk
15.0 %
−1.0 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 20.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Income inequality
24.6
−0.4 vs 2024
6th of 27 EU countries
EU average 28.6
2025 · country ranking
Internet use
89.7 %
+1.1 vs 2024
22nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 93.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Road deaths
5 per mn
0 vs 2023
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 4 per mn
2024 · country ranking
Housing overcrowding
30.9 %
−2.8 vs 2024
23rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 16.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Passenger cars
639 per 1,000
+10 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 584 per 1,000
2025 · country ranking
Early leavers
4.0 %
−0.1 vs 2024
4th of 26 EU countries
EU average 9.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unable to keep warm
3.2 %
−0.1 vs 2024
3rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 8.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Burglaries
156 per 100k
−19 vs 2023
11th of 24 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Housing overburden
4.1 %
−1.1 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Home ownership
87.2 %
+0.1 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 68.5 %
2025 · country ranking
Travel by car
81.0 %
−1.1 vs 2023
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average 82.5 %
2024 · country ranking
Health expenditure
6.1 % of GDP
+0.4 vs 2023
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Education spending
5.6 % of GDP
+0.7 vs 2023
7th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4.7 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Life satisfaction
7.7 /10
+0.1 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.2 /10
2025 · country ranking
Digital skills
50.4 %
+6.1 vs 2023
23rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 60.4 %
2025 · country ranking

Regions

NUTS

NUTS 1 7

NUTS 2 17

NUTS 3 73

Where the data comes from

© European Union, source: Eurostat - datasets, licence and methods.

Ranks are among EU member states. Where less is better (unemployment, debt), the lowest value ranks first.