Country

Luxembourg

EU member state, founding member of the European Economic Community (1958) · world profile (World Bank data)

Best rank in the EU 1st gdp per capita, of 27

Where it stands out

rank among EU countries

Best ranks

  1. GDP per capita 1st of 27
  2. Gender pay gap 1st of 27
  3. Minimum wage 1st of 22

Lowest ranks

  1. Energy imports 26th of 27
  2. Emissions 26th of 27
  3. Renewable electricity 25th of 27

Map

 

Boundaries: Administration du cadastre et de la topographie, simplified · sources and licences

Over time

6 charts

GDP per capita

€/inh. · 1995-2025

Luxembourg EU average

0 50k 100k 150k 1995 Luxembourg: 38,940 EU average: 14,910 1996 Luxembourg: 39,720 EU average: 15,600 1997 Luxembourg: 41,130 EU average: 16,010 1998 Luxembourg: 42,350 EU average: 16,670 1999 Luxembourg: 47,640 EU average: 17,420 2000 Luxembourg: 52,600 EU average: 18,420 2001 Luxembourg: 54,040 EU average: 19,270 2002 Luxembourg: 56,000 EU average: 19,930 2003 Luxembourg: 57,990 EU average: 20,400 2004 Luxembourg: 61,480 EU average: 21,250 2005 Luxembourg: 65,020 EU average: 22,110 2006 Luxembourg: 72,260 EU average: 23,320 2007 Luxembourg: 78,310 EU average: 24,680 2008 Luxembourg: 81,780 EU average: 25,390 2009 Luxembourg: 78,380 EU average: 24,230 2010 Luxembourg: 83,550 EU average: 25,090 2011 Luxembourg: 85,330 EU average: 25,880 2012 Luxembourg: 87,540 EU average: 25,980 2013 Luxembourg: 90,030 EU average: 26,260 2014 Luxembourg: 92,760 EU average: 26,860 2015 Luxembourg: 95,090 EU average: 27,810 2016 Luxembourg: 96,230 EU average: 28,510 2017 Luxembourg: 97,440 EU average: 29,680 2018 Luxembourg: 98,870 EU average: 30,680 2019 Luxembourg: 100,420 EU average: 31,740 2020 Luxembourg: 102,190 EU average: 30,560 2021 Luxembourg: 113,920 EU average: 33,330 2022 Luxembourg: 117,100 EU average: 36,180 2023 Luxembourg: 122,970 EU average: 38,450 2024 Luxembourg: 127,030 EU average: 40,110 2025 Luxembourg: 130,300 EU average: 41,700 1995 2005 2010 2015 2025

Real GDP growth

% · 1996-2025

Luxembourg EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 1996 Luxembourg: 1.4 EU average: 1.8 1997 Luxembourg: 5.4 EU average: 2.7 1998 Luxembourg: 6.7 EU average: 3 1999 Luxembourg: 8.2 EU average: 3 2000 Luxembourg: 6.9 EU average: 3.9 2001 Luxembourg: 3.1 EU average: 2.1 2002 Luxembourg: 3.2 EU average: 1 2003 Luxembourg: 2.6 EU average: 0.9 2004 Luxembourg: 4.2 EU average: 2.5 2005 Luxembourg: 2.5 EU average: 1.9 2006 Luxembourg: 6 EU average: 3.5 2007 Luxembourg: 8.1 EU average: 3.1 2008 Luxembourg: -0.3 EU average: 0.6 2009 Luxembourg: -3.2 EU average: -4.3 2010 Luxembourg: 3.8 EU average: 2.1 2011 Luxembourg: 1 EU average: 1.9 2012 Luxembourg: 1.6 EU average: -0.8 2013 Luxembourg: 3.2 EU average: 0 2014 Luxembourg: 2.6 EU average: 1.6 2015 Luxembourg: 2.3 EU average: 2.4 2016 Luxembourg: 5 EU average: 1.9 2017 Luxembourg: 1.3 EU average: 2.8 2018 Luxembourg: 1.6 EU average: 2.1 2019 Luxembourg: 2.7 EU average: 1.9 2020 Luxembourg: -0.5 EU average: -5.5 2021 Luxembourg: 6.9 EU average: 6.4 2022 Luxembourg: -1.1 EU average: 3.6 2023 Luxembourg: 0.1 EU average: 0.4 2024 Luxembourg: 0.4 EU average: 1.3 2025 Luxembourg: 0.6 EU average: 1.4 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

HICP inflation rate

% · 1996-2025

Luxembourg EU average

0 2 4 6 8 10 1996 Luxembourg: 1.2 EU average: 0 1997 Luxembourg: 1.4 EU average: 0 1998 Luxembourg: 1 EU average: 0 1999 Luxembourg: 1 EU average: 0 2000 Luxembourg: 3.8 EU average: 0 2001 Luxembourg: 2.4 EU average: 3.6 2002 Luxembourg: 2.1 EU average: 2.7 2003 Luxembourg: 2.5 EU average: 2.3 2004 Luxembourg: 3.2 EU average: 2.5 2005 Luxembourg: 3.8 EU average: 2.3 2006 Luxembourg: 3 EU average: 2.3 2007 Luxembourg: 2.7 EU average: 2.4 2008 Luxembourg: 4.1 EU average: 3.7 2009 Luxembourg: 0 EU average: 0.8 2010 Luxembourg: 2.8 EU average: 1.8 2011 Luxembourg: 3.7 EU average: 2.9 2012 Luxembourg: 2.9 EU average: 2.6 2013 Luxembourg: 1.7 EU average: 1.3 2014 Luxembourg: 0.7 EU average: 0.4 2015 Luxembourg: 0.1 EU average: 0.1 2016 Luxembourg: 0 EU average: 0.2 2017 Luxembourg: 2.1 EU average: 1.6 2018 Luxembourg: 2 EU average: 1.8 2019 Luxembourg: 1.6 EU average: 1.4 2020 Luxembourg: 0 EU average: 0.7 2021 Luxembourg: 3.5 EU average: 2.9 2022 Luxembourg: 8.2 EU average: 9.2 2023 Luxembourg: 2.9 EU average: 6.4 2024 Luxembourg: 2.3 EU average: 2.6 2025 Luxembourg: 2.5 EU average: 2.5 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

Annual change in house prices

% · 2008-2025

Luxembourg EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 2008 Luxembourg: 3.3 EU average: 1.3 2009 Luxembourg: -1.1 EU average: -3.7 2010 Luxembourg: 5.4 EU average: 0.5 2011 Luxembourg: 3.7 EU average: 0.6 2012 Luxembourg: 4.2 EU average: -2.1 2013 Luxembourg: 5 EU average: -1.7 2014 Luxembourg: 4.4 EU average: 0.7 2015 Luxembourg: 5.4 EU average: 2.3 2016 Luxembourg: 6.1 EU average: 4.3 2017 Luxembourg: 5.7 EU average: 4.8 2018 Luxembourg: 7.4 EU average: 5 2019 Luxembourg: 9.5 EU average: 4.9 2020 Luxembourg: 14.5 EU average: 5.6 2021 Luxembourg: 14 EU average: 8.4 2022 Luxembourg: 9.5 EU average: 8 2023 Luxembourg: -9.1 EU average: -0.3 2024 Luxembourg: -5.2 EU average: 3.4 2025 Luxembourg: 1.6 EU average: 5.5 2008 2014 2017 2020 2025

R&D expenditure

% of GDP · 2000-2024

Luxembourg EU average

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2000 Luxembourg: 1.58 EU average: 1.81 2003 Luxembourg: 1.62 EU average: 1.82 2004 Luxembourg: 1.59 EU average: 1.79 2005 Luxembourg: 1.56 EU average: 1.78 2006 Luxembourg: 1.65 EU average: 1.8 2007 Luxembourg: 1.57 EU average: 1.79 2008 Luxembourg: 1.55 EU average: 1.87 2009 Luxembourg: 1.59 EU average: 1.96 2010 Luxembourg: 1.42 EU average: 1.96 2011 Luxembourg: 1.42 EU average: 2 2012 Luxembourg: 1.21 EU average: 2.06 2013 Luxembourg: 1.23 EU average: 2.08 2014 Luxembourg: 1.22 EU average: 2.09 2015 Luxembourg: 1.25 EU average: 2.1 2016 Luxembourg: 1.27 EU average: 2.1 2017 Luxembourg: 1.24 EU average: 2.14 2018 Luxembourg: 1.17 EU average: 2.17 2019 Luxembourg: 1.18 EU average: 2.21 2020 Luxembourg: 1.1 EU average: 2.28 2021 Luxembourg: 1.03 EU average: 2.24 2022 Luxembourg: 1.07 EU average: 2.22 2023 Luxembourg: 1.06 EU average: 2.26 2024 Luxembourg: 0.99 EU average: 2.24 2000 2010 2014 2018 2024

Electricity price for households

€/kWh · 2007S1-2025S2

Luxembourg EU average

0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 2007S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.18 2007S2 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.15 2008S1 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.16 2008S2 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.17 2009S1 Luxembourg: 0.19 EU average: 0.17 2009S2 Luxembourg: 0.19 EU average: 0.17 2010S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.17 2010S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.18 2011S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.19 2011S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.19 2012S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.19 2012S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.2 2013S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.2 2013S2 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.21 2014S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.21 2014S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.21 2015S1 Luxembourg: 0.18 EU average: 0.21 2015S2 Luxembourg: 0.18 EU average: 0.21 2016S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.21 2016S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.21 2017S1 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.21 2017S2 Luxembourg: 0.16 EU average: 0.21 2018S1 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.21 2018S2 Luxembourg: 0.17 EU average: 0.22 2019S1 Luxembourg: 0.18 EU average: 0.22 2019S2 Luxembourg: 0.18 EU average: 0.22 2020S1 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.21 2020S2 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.22 2021S1 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.22 2021S2 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.24 2022S1 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.25 2022S2 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.28 2023S1 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.29 2023S2 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.28 2024S1 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.29 2024S2 Luxembourg: 0.2 EU average: 0.29 2025S1 Luxembourg: 0.27 EU average: 0.29 2025S2 Luxembourg: 0.27 EU average: 0.29 2007S1 2013S1 2016S1 2019S1 2025S2

Economy

11 indicators
GDP per capita
130,300 €/inh.
+3,270 vs 2024
1st of 27 EU countries
EU average 41,700 €/inh.
2025 · country ranking
GDP growth
0.6 %
+0.2 vs 2024
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.4 %
2025 · country ranking
Inflation
2.5 %
+0.2 vs 2024
11th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.5 %
2025 · country ranking
House prices
1.6 %
+6.8 vs 2024
23rd of 26 EU countries
EU average 5.5 %
2025 · country ranking
R&D
0.99 % of GDP
−0.07 vs 2023
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.24 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Electricity price
0.2665 €/kWh
0 vs 2025S1
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 0.2896 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Tax-to-GDP ratio
42.3 % of GDP
−0.4 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Gas price
0.0891 €/kWh
−0.0038 vs 2025S1
10th of 23 EU countries
EU average 0.1228 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Government debt
26.5 %
+0.2 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 81.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Price level
150.7
−0.1 vs 2023
1st of 27 EU countries
EU average 100.0
2024 · country ranking
Budget balance
-2.0 %
−2.9 vs 2024
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average -3.1 %
2025 · country ranking

Labour

7 indicators
Employment
73.9 %
−0.3 vs 2024
22nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 76.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unemployment
6.5 %
+0.1 vs 2024
19th of 27 EU countries
EU average 6.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Minimum wage
2,771 €
+67 vs 2026S1
1st of 22 EU countries
2026S2 · country ranking
Gender pay gap
-0.8 %
+0.1 vs 2023
1st of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.1 %
2024 · country ranking
Long-term unemployment
2.0 %
+0.4 vs 2024
17th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.9 %
2025 · country ranking
NEET rate
8.7 %
−1.1 vs 2024
8th of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Working hours
38.0 h
0 vs 2024
16th of 27 EU countries
EU average 37.3 h
2025 · country ranking

Population

7 indicators
Healthy life expectancy
60.2 years
−1.8 vs 2021
EU average 62.6 years
2022 · country ranking
Doctors
409 per 100k
+8 vs 2023
15th of 26 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Infant mortality
5.3 ‰
+1.0 vs 2023
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 3.5 ‰
2024 · country ranking
Obesity
16.1 %
+1.0 vs 2014
11th of 26 EU countries
EU average 16.0 %
2019 · country ranking
Population
690,959
+8,986 vs 2025
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 451,990,314
2026 · country ranking
Life expectancy
82.7 years
+0.2 vs 2023
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 80.8 years
2024 · country ranking
Fertility
1.25
0 vs 2023
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.34
2024 · country ranking

Environment

8 indicators
Emissions
10.1 t/inh.
−0.6 vs 2023
26th of 27 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Energy imports
91.0 %
−0.4 vs 2023
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 57.3 %
2024 · country ranking
Municipal waste
681 kg
−37 vs 2023
17th of 20 EU countries
EU average 517 kg
2024 · country ranking
Renewable electricity
23.3 %
+2.8 vs 2024
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 49.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Organic farming
7.2 %
+0.6 vs 2023
18th of 25 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Air pollution deaths
10 per 100k
−1 vs 2022
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 41 per 100k
2023 · country ranking
Renewables
20.2 %
+5.5 vs 2024
20th of 27 EU countries
EU average 26.2 %
2025 · country ranking
Recycling
57.3 %
+0.8 vs 2023
4th of 20 EU countries
EU average 48.1 %
2024 · country ranking

Society

19 indicators
Health spending
5.9 %
+0.2 vs 2024
25th of 25 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Tertiary educated
55.7 %
+1.0 vs 2024
2nd of 27 EU countries
EU average 36.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Adult learning
17.4 %
0 vs 2024
9th of 27 EU countries
EU average 13.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Poverty risk
18.2 %
−1.8 vs 2024
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average 20.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Income inequality
28.7
−1.7 vs 2024
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 28.6
2025 · country ranking
Internet use
99.1 %
+0.4 vs 2024
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 93.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Road deaths
3 per mn
−1 vs 2023
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4 per mn
2024 · country ranking
Housing overcrowding
8.8 %
+2.0 vs 2024
6th of 27 EU countries
EU average 16.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Passenger cars
668 per 1,000
−2 vs 2024
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 584 per 1,000
2025 · country ranking
Early leavers
7.8 %
+1.0 vs 2023
EU average 9.6 %
2024 · country ranking
Unable to keep warm
3.5 %
−0.1 vs 2024
4th of 27 EU countries
EU average 8.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Burglaries
568 per 100k
−33 vs 2023
22nd of 24 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Housing overburden
8.1 %
+0.1 vs 2024
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Home ownership
64.1 %
+0.6 vs 2024
23rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 68.5 %
2025 · country ranking
Travel by car
80.0 %
−1.6 vs 2023
6th of 27 EU countries
EU average 82.5 %
2024 · country ranking
Health expenditure
5.8 % of GDP
+0.2 vs 2024
21st of 27 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Education spending
5.2 % of GDP
+0.2 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Life satisfaction
7.4 /10
+0.2 vs 2024
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.2 /10
2025 · country ranking
Digital skills
62.4 %
+2.3 vs 2023
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 60.4 %
2025 · country ranking

Regions

NUTS

NUTS 1 1

NUTS 2 1

NUTS 3 1

Where the data comes from

© European Union, source: Eurostat - datasets, licence and methods.

Ranks are among EU member states. Where less is better (unemployment, debt), the lowest value ranks first.