Country

Germany

EU member state, founding member of the European Economic Community (1958) · world profile (World Bank data)

Best rank in the EU 1st recycling, of 20

Where it stands out

rank among EU countries

Best ranks

  1. Recycling 1st of 20
  2. Minimum wage 3rd of 22
  3. R&D 5th of 27

Lowest ranks

  1. GDP growth 27th of 27
  2. Electricity price 26th of 27
  3. Early leavers 25th of 26

Map

16 regions

 

Boundaries: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG, dl-de/by-2-0, simplified · sources and licences

Over time

6 charts

GDP per capita

€/inh. · 1991-2025

Germany EU average

0 20k 40k 60k 1991 Germany: 18,980 EU average: 0 1992 Germany: 20,560 EU average: 0 1993 Germany: 21,930 EU average: 0 1994 Germany: 23,020 EU average: 0 1995 Germany: 24,390 EU average: 14,910 1996 Germany: 24,250 EU average: 15,600 1997 Germany: 24,030 EU average: 16,010 1998 Germany: 24,660 EU average: 16,670 1999 Germany: 25,510 EU average: 17,420 2000 Germany: 26,140 EU average: 18,420 2001 Germany: 26,930 EU average: 19,270 2002 Germany: 27,250 EU average: 19,930 2003 Germany: 27,480 EU average: 20,400 2004 Germany: 28,150 EU average: 21,250 2005 Germany: 28,590 EU average: 22,110 2006 Germany: 29,890 EU average: 23,320 2007 Germany: 31,390 EU average: 24,680 2008 Germany: 32,060 EU average: 25,390 2009 Germany: 30,990 EU average: 24,230 2010 Germany: 32,580 EU average: 25,090 2011 Germany: 34,220 EU average: 25,880 2012 Germany: 34,840 EU average: 25,980 2013 Germany: 35,640 EU average: 26,260 2014 Germany: 37,010 EU average: 26,860 2015 Germany: 38,040 EU average: 27,810 2016 Germany: 39,150 EU average: 28,510 2017 Germany: 40,780 EU average: 29,680 2018 Germany: 42,000 EU average: 30,680 2019 Germany: 43,280 EU average: 31,740 2020 Germany: 42,350 EU average: 30,560 2021 Germany: 45,280 EU average: 33,330 2022 Germany: 48,600 EU average: 36,180 2023 Germany: 51,090 EU average: 38,450 2024 Germany: 52,530 EU average: 40,110 2025 Germany: 54,240 EU average: 41,700 1991 2001 2006 2011 2016 2025

Real GDP growth

% · 1992-2025

Germany EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 1992 Germany: 2 EU average: 0 1993 Germany: -1 EU average: 0 1994 Germany: 2.6 EU average: 0 1995 Germany: 1.5 EU average: 0 1996 Germany: 1 EU average: 1.8 1997 Germany: 1.9 EU average: 2.7 1998 Germany: 2.1 EU average: 3 1999 Germany: 2.1 EU average: 3 2000 Germany: 2.9 EU average: 3.9 2001 Germany: 1.6 EU average: 2.1 2002 Germany: -0.2 EU average: 1 2003 Germany: -0.5 EU average: 0.9 2004 Germany: 1.2 EU average: 2.5 2005 Germany: 0.9 EU average: 1.9 2006 Germany: 3.9 EU average: 3.5 2007 Germany: 2.9 EU average: 3.1 2008 Germany: 0.9 EU average: 0.6 2009 Germany: -5.6 EU average: -4.3 2010 Germany: 4.1 EU average: 2.1 2011 Germany: 3.8 EU average: 1.9 2012 Germany: 0.5 EU average: -0.8 2013 Germany: 0.5 EU average: 0 2014 Germany: 2.2 EU average: 1.6 2015 Germany: 1.8 EU average: 2.4 2016 Germany: 2.3 EU average: 1.9 2017 Germany: 2.9 EU average: 2.8 2018 Germany: 1.2 EU average: 2.1 2019 Germany: 1.1 EU average: 1.9 2020 Germany: -4 EU average: -5.5 2021 Germany: 4 EU average: 6.4 2022 Germany: 1.9 EU average: 3.6 2023 Germany: -1 EU average: 0.4 2024 Germany: 0 EU average: 1.3 2025 Germany: 0.2 EU average: 1.4 1992 2002 2007 2012 2017 2025

HICP inflation rate

% · 1996-2025

Germany EU average

0 2 4 6 8 10 1996 Germany: 0.6 EU average: 0 1997 Germany: 1.5 EU average: 0 1998 Germany: 0.6 EU average: 0 1999 Germany: 0.6 EU average: 0 2000 Germany: 1.4 EU average: 0 2001 Germany: 1.9 EU average: 3.6 2002 Germany: 1.3 EU average: 2.7 2003 Germany: 1.1 EU average: 2.3 2004 Germany: 1.8 EU average: 2.5 2005 Germany: 1.9 EU average: 2.3 2006 Germany: 1.8 EU average: 2.3 2007 Germany: 2.3 EU average: 2.4 2008 Germany: 2.8 EU average: 3.7 2009 Germany: 0.2 EU average: 0.8 2010 Germany: 1.1 EU average: 1.8 2011 Germany: 2.5 EU average: 2.9 2012 Germany: 2.2 EU average: 2.6 2013 Germany: 1.6 EU average: 1.3 2014 Germany: 0.8 EU average: 0.4 2015 Germany: 0.7 EU average: 0.1 2016 Germany: 0.4 EU average: 0.2 2017 Germany: 1.7 EU average: 1.6 2018 Germany: 1.9 EU average: 1.8 2019 Germany: 1.4 EU average: 1.4 2020 Germany: 0.4 EU average: 0.7 2021 Germany: 3.2 EU average: 2.9 2022 Germany: 8.7 EU average: 9.2 2023 Germany: 6 EU average: 6.4 2024 Germany: 2.5 EU average: 2.6 2025 Germany: 2.3 EU average: 2.5 1996 2006 2011 2016 2025

Annual change in house prices

% · 2006-2025

Germany EU average

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 2006 Germany: -0.3 EU average: 9.9 2007 Germany: -2.2 EU average: 8.5 2008 Germany: 1.4 EU average: 1.3 2009 Germany: 0.8 EU average: -3.7 2010 Germany: 1.1 EU average: 0.5 2011 Germany: 3.6 EU average: 0.6 2012 Germany: 3.4 EU average: -2.1 2013 Germany: 3.1 EU average: -1.7 2014 Germany: 3.1 EU average: 0.7 2015 Germany: 4.8 EU average: 2.3 2016 Germany: 7.4 EU average: 4.3 2017 Germany: 6.2 EU average: 4.8 2018 Germany: 6.6 EU average: 5 2019 Germany: 5.8 EU average: 4.9 2020 Germany: 7.7 EU average: 5.6 2021 Germany: 11.6 EU average: 8.4 2022 Germany: 6 EU average: 8 2023 Germany: -8.4 EU average: -0.3 2024 Germany: -1.5 EU average: 3.4 2025 Germany: 3.2 EU average: 5.5 2006 2012 2015 2018 2025

R&D expenditure

% of GDP · 1981-2024

Germany EU average

0 1 2 3 4 1981 Germany: 2.35 EU average: 0 1982 Germany: 2.42 EU average: 0 1983 Germany: 2.41 EU average: 0 1984 Germany: 2.43 EU average: 0 1985 Germany: 2.59 EU average: 0 1986 Germany: 2.63 EU average: 0 1987 Germany: 2.73 EU average: 0 1988 Germany: 2.73 EU average: 0 1989 Germany: 2.71 EU average: 0 1990 Germany: 2.61 EU average: 0 1991 Germany: 2.38 EU average: 0 1992 Germany: 2.26 EU average: 0 1993 Germany: 2.2 EU average: 0 1994 Germany: 2.12 EU average: 0 1995 Germany: 2.13 EU average: 1.73 1996 Germany: 2.14 EU average: 1.72 1997 Germany: 2.18 EU average: 1.72 1998 Germany: 2.21 EU average: 1.73 1999 Germany: 2.33 EU average: 1.78 2000 Germany: 2.39 EU average: 1.81 2001 Germany: 2.38 EU average: 1.82 2002 Germany: 2.41 EU average: 1.83 2003 Germany: 2.44 EU average: 1.82 2004 Germany: 2.4 EU average: 1.79 2005 Germany: 2.4 EU average: 1.78 2006 Germany: 2.43 EU average: 1.8 2007 Germany: 2.42 EU average: 1.79 2008 Germany: 2.57 EU average: 1.87 2009 Germany: 2.69 EU average: 1.96 2010 Germany: 2.68 EU average: 1.96 2011 Germany: 2.75 EU average: 2 2012 Germany: 2.83 EU average: 2.06 2013 Germany: 2.78 EU average: 2.08 2014 Germany: 2.82 EU average: 2.09 2015 Germany: 2.88 EU average: 2.1 2016 Germany: 2.88 EU average: 2.1 2017 Germany: 2.99 EU average: 2.14 2018 Germany: 3.05 EU average: 2.17 2019 Germany: 3.11 EU average: 2.21 2020 Germany: 3.09 EU average: 2.28 2021 Germany: 3.07 EU average: 2.24 2022 Germany: 3.04 EU average: 2.22 2023 Germany: 3.13 EU average: 2.26 2024 Germany: 3.13 EU average: 2.24 1981 1995 2002 2009 2024

Electricity price for households

€/kWh · 2007S1-2025S2

Germany EU average

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 2007S1 Germany: 0.2 EU average: 0.18 2007S2 Germany: 0.21 EU average: 0.15 2008S1 Germany: 0.21 EU average: 0.16 2008S2 Germany: 0.22 EU average: 0.17 2009S1 Germany: 0.23 EU average: 0.17 2009S2 Germany: 0.23 EU average: 0.17 2010S1 Germany: 0.24 EU average: 0.17 2010S2 Germany: 0.24 EU average: 0.18 2011S1 Germany: 0.25 EU average: 0.19 2011S2 Germany: 0.25 EU average: 0.19 2012S1 Germany: 0.26 EU average: 0.19 2012S2 Germany: 0.27 EU average: 0.2 2013S1 Germany: 0.29 EU average: 0.2 2013S2 Germany: 0.29 EU average: 0.21 2014S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2014S2 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2015S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2015S2 Germany: 0.29 EU average: 0.21 2016S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2016S2 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2017S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2017S2 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2018S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2018S2 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.22 2019S1 Germany: 0.31 EU average: 0.22 2019S2 Germany: 0.29 EU average: 0.22 2020S1 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.21 2020S2 Germany: 0.3 EU average: 0.22 2021S1 Germany: 0.32 EU average: 0.22 2021S2 Germany: 0.32 EU average: 0.24 2022S1 Germany: 0.33 EU average: 0.25 2022S2 Germany: 0.34 EU average: 0.28 2023S1 Germany: 0.41 EU average: 0.29 2023S2 Germany: 0.4 EU average: 0.28 2024S1 Germany: 0.4 EU average: 0.29 2024S2 Germany: 0.39 EU average: 0.29 2025S1 Germany: 0.38 EU average: 0.29 2025S2 Germany: 0.39 EU average: 0.29 2007S1 2013S1 2016S1 2019S1 2025S2

Economy

11 indicators
GDP per capita
54,240 €/inh.
+1,710 vs 2024
7th of 27 EU countries
EU average 41,700 €/inh.
2025 · country ranking
GDP growth
0.2 %
+0.2 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.4 %
2025 · country ranking
Inflation
2.3 %
−0.2 vs 2024
8th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.5 %
2025 · country ranking
House prices
3.2 %
+4.7 vs 2024
21st of 26 EU countries
EU average 5.5 %
2025 · country ranking
R&D
3.13 % of GDP
0 vs 2023
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 2.24 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Electricity price
0.3869 €/kWh
+0.0034 vs 2025S1
26th of 27 EU countries
EU average 0.2896 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Tax-to-GDP ratio
40.9 % of GDP
+0.8 vs 2023
10th of 27 EU countries
EU average 40.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Gas price
0.1223 €/kWh
+0.0007 vs 2025S1
16th of 23 EU countries
EU average 0.1228 €/kWh
2025S2 · country ranking
Government debt
63.5 %
+1.3 vs 2024
17th of 27 EU countries
EU average 81.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Price level
109.1
+0.1 vs 2023
9th of 27 EU countries
EU average 100.0
2024 · country ranking
Budget balance
-2.7 %
0 vs 2024
16th of 27 EU countries
EU average -3.1 %
2025 · country ranking

Labour

7 indicators
Employment
81.1 %
0 vs 2024
7th of 27 EU countries
EU average 76.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unemployment
3.8 %
+0.3 vs 2024
5th of 27 EU countries
EU average 6.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Minimum wage
2,343 €
0 vs 2026S1
3rd of 22 EU countries
2026S2 · country ranking
Gender pay gap
15.6 %
−2.0 vs 2023
21st of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.1 %
2024 · country ranking
Long-term unemployment
1.1 %
+0.1 vs 2024
8th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.9 %
2025 · country ranking
NEET rate
9.5 %
+0.6 vs 2024
11th of 27 EU countries
EU average 11.0 %
2025 · country ranking
Working hours
35.0 h
−0.1 vs 2024
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 37.3 h
2025 · country ranking

Population

7 indicators
Healthy life expectancy
62.4 years
−0.1 vs 2023
19th of 26 EU countries
EU average 65.2 years
2024 · country ranking
Doctors
475 per 100k
+9 vs 2023
5th of 26 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Infant mortality
3.3 ‰
+0.1 vs 2023
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 3.5 ‰
2024 · country ranking
Obesity
18.5 %
+2.1 vs 2014
16th of 26 EU countries
EU average 16.0 %
2019 · country ranking
Population
83.5 mn
1st of 27 EU countries
2026 · country ranking
Life expectancy
80.4 years
+0.3 vs 2023
17th of 27 EU countries
EU average 80.8 years
2024 · country ranking
Fertility
1.36
−0.03 vs 2023
16th of 27 EU countries
EU average 1.34
2024 · country ranking

Environment

8 indicators
Emissions
8.5 t/inh.
−0.4 vs 2023
21st of 27 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Energy imports
66.8 %
0 vs 2023
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 57.3 %
2024 · country ranking
Municipal waste
628 kg
+15 vs 2023
16th of 20 EU countries
EU average 517 kg
2024 · country ranking
Renewable electricity
57.9 %
+3.8 vs 2024
9th of 27 EU countries
EU average 49.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Organic farming
11.1 %
−0.1 vs 2023
11th of 25 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Air pollution deaths
26 per 100k
−13 vs 2022
11th of 27 EU countries
EU average 41 per 100k
2023 · country ranking
Renewables
23.9 %
+1.4 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 26.2 %
2025 · country ranking
Recycling
66.9 %
−1.8 vs 2023
1st of 20 EU countries
EU average 48.1 %
2024 · country ranking

Society

19 indicators
Health spending
12.7 %
+0.5 vs 2024
1st of 25 EU countries (2024)
2025 · country ranking
Tertiary educated
35.4 %
+1.8 vs 2024
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 36.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Adult learning
9.3 %
0 vs 2024
23rd of 27 EU countries
EU average 13.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Poverty risk
21.2 %
+0.1 vs 2024
19th of 27 EU countries
EU average 20.9 %
2025 · country ranking
Income inequality
29.3
+1.2 vs 2024
18th of 27 EU countries
EU average 28.6
2025 · country ranking
Internet use
94.6 %
+1.1 vs 2024
13th of 27 EU countries
EU average 93.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Road deaths
3 per mn
0 vs 2023
9th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4 per mn
2024 · country ranking
Housing overcrowding
11.7 %
+0.2 vs 2024
12th of 27 EU countries
EU average 16.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Passenger cars
593 per 1,000
+3 vs 2024
11th of 27 EU countries
EU average 584 per 1,000
2025 · country ranking
Early leavers
13.1 %
−0.4 vs 2024
25th of 26 EU countries
EU average 9.1 %
2025 · country ranking
Unable to keep warm
5.7 %
−0.6 vs 2024
14th of 27 EU countries
EU average 8.8 %
2025 · country ranking
Burglaries
357 per 100k
−1 vs 2023
18th of 24 EU countries
2024 · country ranking
Housing overburden
11.2 %
−0.8 vs 2024
25th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.7 %
2025 · country ranking
Home ownership
47.2 %
0 vs 2024
27th of 27 EU countries
EU average 68.5 %
2025 · country ranking
Travel by car
84.1 %
+0.6 vs 2023
20th of 27 EU countries
EU average 82.5 %
2024 · country ranking
Health expenditure
7.6 % of GDP
+0.2 vs 2023
9th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.3 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Education spending
4.5 % of GDP
0 vs 2023
20th of 27 EU countries
EU average 4.7 % of GDP
2024 · country ranking
Life satisfaction
7.0 /10
0 vs 2024
24th of 27 EU countries
EU average 7.2 /10
2025 · country ranking
Digital skills
59.6 %
+7.3 vs 2023
15th of 27 EU countries
EU average 60.4 %
2025 · country ranking

Regions

NUTS

NUTS 1 16

NUTS 2 38

NUTS 3 400

Where the data comes from

© European Union, source: Eurostat - datasets, licence and methods.

Ranks are among EU member states. Where less is better (unemployment, debt), the lowest value ranks first.