World › Pakistan vs Philippines
Pakistan vs Philippines
Pakistan (Asia)
and Philippines (Asia)
side by side. Each value is the latest available for that country, so the year may differ; the
rank is among all countries of the world.
Over time
with the world for reference
GDP per capita
US$ · 1960-2025
Pakistan
Philippines
World
0
5,000
10k
15k
1960
Pakistan: 82.02
Philippines: 269.47
World: 452.65 1961
Pakistan: 87.78
Philippines: 283.79
World: 471.93 1962
Pakistan: 89.5
Philippines: 166.69
World: 496.11 1963
Pakistan: 93.65
Philippines: 179.46
World: 525.19 1964
Pakistan: 102.46
Philippines: 188.15
World: 563.85 1965
Pakistan: 113.57
Philippines: 199.76
World: 601.89 1966
Pakistan: 122.23
Philippines: 213.85
World: 638.97 1967
Pakistan: 135.19
Philippines: 223.12
World: 664.4 1968
Pakistan: 141.56
Philippines: 242.23
World: 703.46 1969
Pakistan: 148.53
Philippines: 261.09
World: 761.11 1970
Pakistan: 166.66
Philippines: 200.92
World: 817.68 1971
Pakistan: 172.45
Philippines: 217.43
World: 884.88 1972
Pakistan: 148.07
Philippines: 230.1
World: 1,002 1973
Pakistan: 97.51
Philippines: 283.23
World: 1,201.53 1974
Pakistan: 132.01
Philippines: 379.07
World: 1,362.19 1975
Pakistan: 161.68
Philippines: 400.64
World: 1,488.94 1976
Pakistan: 183.86
Philippines: 448.62
World: 1,589.73 1977
Pakistan: 204.68
Philippines: 502.23
World: 1,766.28 1978
Pakistan: 233.42
Philippines: 565.27
World: 2,055.49 1979
Pakistan: 249.23
Philippines: 666.96
World: 2,335.19 1980
Pakistan: 287.45
Philippines: 766.97
World: 2,587.01 1981
Pakistan: 327.51
Philippines: 821.29
World: 2,628.62 1982
Pakistan: 344.89
Philippines: 832.54
World: 2,554.08 1983
Pakistan: 311.1
Philippines: 723.43
World: 2,561.17 1984
Pakistan: 327.35
Philippines: 665.04
World: 2,614.33 1985
Pakistan: 317.06
Philippines: 633.21
World: 2,690.59 1986
Pakistan: 313.95
Philippines: 600
World: 3,118.57 1987
Pakistan: 317.24
Philippines: 649.81
World: 3,487.88 1988
Pakistan: 353.85
Philippines: 722.34
World: 3,829.99 1989
Pakistan: 357.6
Philippines: 791.86
World: 3,930.51 1990
Pakistan: 344.46
Philippines: 803.57
World: 4,338.94 1991
Pakistan: 380.02
Philippines: 804.32
World: 4,453.9 1992
Pakistan: 395.68
Philippines: 916.52
World: 4,679.98 1993
Pakistan: 407.89
Philippines: 918.64
World: 4,685.3 1994
Pakistan: 399.96
Philippines: 1,059.98
World: 4,967.01 1995
Pakistan: 450.55
Philippines: 1,199.84
World: 5,463.2 1996
Pakistan: 457
Philippines: 1,311.09
World: 5,507.22 1997
Pakistan: 438.03
Philippines: 1,273.28
World: 5,408.57 1998
Pakistan: 424.45
Philippines: 982.87
World: 5,302.34 1999
Pakistan: 418.25
Philippines: 1,101.44
World: 5,401.23 2000
Pakistan: 642.34
Philippines: 1,050.79
World: 5,512.56 2001
Pakistan: 609.94
Philippines: 969.53
World: 5,404.2 2002
Pakistan: 599.94
Philippines: 1,014.91
World: 5,539.32 2003
Pakistan: 672.44
Philippines: 1,027.23
World: 6,129.87 2004
Pakistan: 771.9
Philippines: 1,099.63
World: 6,818 2005
Pakistan: 827.62
Philippines: 1,220.46
World: 7,290.57 2006
Pakistan: 900.87
Philippines: 1,426.15
World: 7,803.19 2007
Pakistan: 998.09
Philippines: 1,712.66
World: 8,685.33 2008
Pakistan: 1,067.04
Philippines: 1,959.29
World: 9,425.74 2009
Pakistan: 963.79
Philippines: 1,864.45
World: 8,827.04 2010
Pakistan: 987.3
Philippines: 2,162.91
World: 9,555.07 2011
Pakistan: 1,131.74
Philippines: 2,383.92
World: 10,496.93 2012
Pakistan: 1,204.36
Philippines: 2,614.62
World: 10,597.85 2013
Pakistan: 1,225.43
Philippines: 2,781.28
World: 10,759.35 2014
Pakistan: 1,266.61
Philippines: 2,866.84
World: 10,912.24 2015
Pakistan: 1,380.47
Philippines: 2,909.86
World: 10,191.98 2016
Pakistan: 1,424.69
Philippines: 2,985.2
World: 10,239.47 2017
Pakistan: 1,519.23
Philippines: 3,038.12
World: 10,784.4 2018
Pakistan: 1,569.34
Philippines: 3,168.51
World: 11,344.73 2019
Pakistan: 1,390.42
Philippines: 3,400.79
World: 11,417.6 2020
Pakistan: 1,278.4
Philippines: 3,227.58
World: 10,999.49 2021
Pakistan: 1,455.32
Philippines: 3,484.39
World: 12,472.91 2022
Pakistan: 1,538.32
Philippines: 3,548.07
World: 12,876.24 2023
Pakistan: 1,360.32
Philippines: 3,804.08
World: 13,313.86 2024
Pakistan: 1,479.48
Philippines: 3,985.29
World: 13,717.09 2025
Pakistan: 1,595.91
Philippines: 4,170.72
World: 14,405.85
1960
1980
1990
2000
2010
2025
Life expectancy at birth
years · 1960-2024
Pakistan
Philippines
World
40
50
60
70
80
1960
Pakistan: 44.1
Philippines: 59.18
World: 50.94 1961
Pakistan: 44.96
Philippines: 59.47
World: 52.8 1962
Pakistan: 45.85
Philippines: 59.76
World: 55.29 1963
Pakistan: 46.76
Philippines: 60.02
World: 55.65 1964
Pakistan: 47.83
Philippines: 60.13
World: 56.1 1965
Pakistan: 48.5
Philippines: 60.41
World: 55.93 1966
Pakistan: 49.8
Philippines: 60.62
World: 56.45 1967
Pakistan: 50.76
Philippines: 60.8
World: 56.9 1968
Pakistan: 51.62
Philippines: 60.92
World: 57.34 1969
Pakistan: 52.32
Philippines: 60.98
World: 57.68 1970
Pakistan: 52.94
Philippines: 60.83
World: 57.94 1971
Pakistan: 49
Philippines: 61.07
World: 58.02 1972
Pakistan: 53.82
Philippines: 60.91
World: 58.84 1973
Pakistan: 54.09
Philippines: 60.74
World: 59.3 1974
Pakistan: 54.27
Philippines: 60.82
World: 59.7 1975
Pakistan: 54.72
Philippines: 60.9
World: 60.13 1976
Pakistan: 55.07
Philippines: 60.87
World: 60.45 1977
Pakistan: 55.48
Philippines: 61.43
World: 61.04 1978
Pakistan: 56.07
Philippines: 61.53
World: 61.39 1979
Pakistan: 56.61
Philippines: 61.73
World: 61.84 1980
Pakistan: 57.2
Philippines: 61.88
World: 62.15 1981
Pakistan: 57.76
Philippines: 61.94
World: 62.52 1982
Pakistan: 58.29
Philippines: 62.18
World: 62.87 1983
Pakistan: 58.66
Philippines: 62.35
World: 63.13 1984
Pakistan: 58.92
Philippines: 62.43
World: 63.44 1985
Pakistan: 59.08
Philippines: 62.74
World: 63.73 1986
Pakistan: 59.17
Philippines: 62.88
World: 64.12 1987
Pakistan: 59.22
Philippines: 63.3
World: 64.46 1988
Pakistan: 59.36
Philippines: 63.71
World: 64.67 1989
Pakistan: 59.53
Philippines: 64.11
World: 64.96 1990
Pakistan: 59.73
Philippines: 64.38
World: 65.11 1991
Pakistan: 59.86
Philippines: 64.62
World: 65.3 1992
Pakistan: 59.98
Philippines: 65.35
World: 65.55 1993
Pakistan: 60.08
Philippines: 65.66
World: 65.74 1994
Pakistan: 60.2
Philippines: 66
World: 65.96 1995
Pakistan: 60.27
Philippines: 66.31
World: 66.2 1996
Pakistan: 60.47
Philippines: 66.69
World: 66.52 1997
Pakistan: 60.62
Philippines: 66.99
World: 66.83 1998
Pakistan: 61.13
Philippines: 67.21
World: 67.07 1999
Pakistan: 61.54
Philippines: 67.5
World: 67.31 2000
Pakistan: 61.9
Philippines: 67.79
World: 67.65 2001
Pakistan: 62.24
Philippines: 67.83
World: 67.95 2002
Pakistan: 62.56
Philippines: 67.89
World: 68.23 2003
Pakistan: 62.83
Philippines: 68.05
World: 68.52 2004
Pakistan: 63.1
Philippines: 68.3
World: 68.77 2005
Pakistan: 62.42
Philippines: 68.42
World: 69.11 2006
Pakistan: 63.62
Philippines: 68.17
World: 69.47 2007
Pakistan: 63.81
Philippines: 68.55
World: 69.81 2008
Pakistan: 64
Philippines: 68.64
World: 70 2009
Pakistan: 64.21
Philippines: 68.63
World: 70.38 2010
Pakistan: 64.38
Philippines: 68.88
World: 70.68 2011
Pakistan: 64.66
Philippines: 69.1
World: 70.97 2012
Pakistan: 64.88
Philippines: 69.24
World: 71.26 2013
Pakistan: 65.13
Philippines: 69.28
World: 71.53 2014
Pakistan: 65.37
Philippines: 69.31
World: 71.78 2015
Pakistan: 65.64
Philippines: 69.45
World: 71.97 2016
Pakistan: 65.94
Philippines: 69.49
World: 72.19 2017
Pakistan: 66.22
Philippines: 69.97
World: 72.37 2018
Pakistan: 66.48
Philippines: 69.76
World: 72.64 2019
Pakistan: 66.73
Philippines: 69.68
World: 72.87 2020
Pakistan: 65.7
Philippines: 70.1
World: 72.18 2021
Pakistan: 65.77
Philippines: 66.68
World: 71.22 2022
Pakistan: 67.42
Philippines: 69.47
World: 72.97 2023
Pakistan: 67.65
Philippines: 69.83
World: 73.33 2024
Pakistan: 67.8
Philippines: 69.95
World: 73.48
1960
1980
1990
2000
2024
Fertility rate
1960-2024
Pakistan
Philippines
World
0
2
4
6
8
1960
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 7
World: 4.69 1961
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.99
World: 4.56 1962
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.98
World: 5.02 1963
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.95
World: 5.31 1964
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.89
World: 5.13 1965
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.8
World: 5.08 1966
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.69
World: 4.97 1967
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.57
World: 4.87 1968
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.45
World: 4.98 1969
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.33
World: 4.88 1970
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.22
World: 4.84 1971
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 6.08
World: 4.69 1972
Pakistan: 6.81
Philippines: 5.94
World: 4.55 1973
Pakistan: 6.81
Philippines: 5.79
World: 4.42 1974
Pakistan: 6.81
Philippines: 5.69
World: 4.26 1975
Pakistan: 6.81
Philippines: 5.6
World: 4.07 1976
Pakistan: 6.81
Philippines: 5.51
World: 3.97 1977
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 5.44
World: 3.84 1978
Pakistan: 6.78
Philippines: 5.39
World: 3.77 1979
Pakistan: 6.76
Philippines: 5.26
World: 3.76 1980
Pakistan: 6.73
Philippines: 5.11
World: 3.73 1981
Pakistan: 6.7
Philippines: 4.97
World: 3.71 1982
Pakistan: 6.67
Philippines: 4.92
World: 3.72 1983
Pakistan: 6.64
Philippines: 4.87
World: 3.59 1984
Pakistan: 6.62
Philippines: 4.77
World: 3.57 1985
Pakistan: 6.59
Philippines: 4.66
World: 3.53 1986
Pakistan: 6.55
Philippines: 4.56
World: 3.51 1987
Pakistan: 6.52
Philippines: 4.51
World: 3.48 1988
Pakistan: 6.48
Philippines: 4.45
World: 3.39 1989
Pakistan: 6.43
Philippines: 4.37
World: 3.35 1990
Pakistan: 6.36
Philippines: 4.32
World: 3.31 1991
Pakistan: 6.29
Philippines: 4.27
World: 3.13 1992
Pakistan: 6.21
Philippines: 4.16
World: 3.04 1993
Pakistan: 6.11
Philippines: 4.1
World: 2.97 1994
Pakistan: 6.01
Philippines: 4.08
World: 2.92 1995
Pakistan: 5.89
Philippines: 4.07
World: 2.87 1996
Pakistan: 5.77
Philippines: 4
World: 2.82 1997
Pakistan: 5.64
Philippines: 3.94
World: 2.78 1998
Pakistan: 5.51
Philippines: 3.88
World: 2.75 1999
Pakistan: 5.46
Philippines: 3.83
World: 2.72 2000
Pakistan: 5.35
Philippines: 3.75
World: 2.73 2001
Pakistan: 5.18
Philippines: 3.72
World: 2.69 2002
Pakistan: 5.01
Philippines: 3.65
World: 2.66 2003
Pakistan: 4.89
Philippines: 3.59
World: 2.64 2004
Pakistan: 4.69
Philippines: 3.52
World: 2.63 2005
Pakistan: 4.6
Philippines: 3.45
World: 2.61 2006
Pakistan: 4.59
Philippines: 3.47
World: 2.61 2007
Pakistan: 4.55
Philippines: 3.4
World: 2.6 2008
Pakistan: 4.52
Philippines: 3.4
World: 2.6 2009
Pakistan: 4.47
Philippines: 3.38
World: 2.59 2010
Pakistan: 4.4
Philippines: 3.32
World: 2.57 2011
Pakistan: 4.31
Philippines: 3.24
World: 2.55 2012
Pakistan: 4.2
Philippines: 3.14
World: 2.56 2013
Pakistan: 4.13
Philippines: 3.04
World: 2.53 2014
Pakistan: 4.06
Philippines: 2.89
World: 2.52 2015
Pakistan: 3.99
Philippines: 2.83
World: 2.49 2016
Pakistan: 3.9
Philippines: 2.68
World: 2.49 2017
Pakistan: 3.9
Philippines: 2.53
World: 2.46 2018
Pakistan: 3.86
Philippines: 2.38
World: 2.39 2019
Pakistan: 3.81
Philippines: 2.22
World: 2.35 2020
Pakistan: 3.77
Philippines: 2.08
World: 2.28 2021
Pakistan: 3.72
Philippines: 1.95
World: 2.25 2022
Pakistan: 3.66
Philippines: 1.93
World: 2.22 2023
Pakistan: 3.61
Philippines: 1.92
World: 2.2 2024
Pakistan: 3.55
Philippines: 1.89
World: 2.19
1960
1980
1990
2000
2024
Unemployment rate (modelled ILO estimate)
% · 1991-2025
Pakistan
Philippines
World
0
2
4
6
8
1991
Pakistan: 0.6
Philippines: 3.73
World: 5.12 1992
Pakistan: 0.59
Philippines: 3.85
World: 5.28 1993
Pakistan: 0.6
Philippines: 3.87
World: 5.54 1994
Pakistan: 0.6
Philippines: 3.77
World: 5.79 1995
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 3.68
World: 5.92 1996
Pakistan: 0.6
Philippines: 3.61
World: 5.98 1997
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 3.59
World: 6.01 1998
Pakistan: 0.62
Philippines: 3.7
World: 6.16 1999
Pakistan: 0.63
Philippines: 3.75
World: 6.28 2000
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 3.77
World: 6.11 2001
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 3.7
World: 6.19 2002
Pakistan: 0.62
Philippines: 3.62
World: 6.41 2003
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 3.53
World: 6.48 2004
Pakistan: 0.6
Philippines: 3.55
World: 6.33 2005
Pakistan: 0.58
Philippines: 3.8
World: 6.22 2006
Pakistan: 0.58
Philippines: 4.05
World: 5.97 2007
Pakistan: 0.4
Philippines: 3.43
World: 5.77 2008
Pakistan: 0.42
Philippines: 3.72
World: 5.82 2009
Pakistan: 0.54
Philippines: 3.86
World: 6.41 2010
Pakistan: 0.65
Philippines: 3.61
World: 6.28 2011
Pakistan: 0.8
Philippines: 3.59
World: 6.15 2012
Pakistan: 3.67
Philippines: 3.5
World: 6.15 2013
Pakistan: 2.95
Philippines: 3.5
World: 6.1 2014
Pakistan: 1.83
Philippines: 3.6
World: 5.96 2015
Pakistan: 3.57
Philippines: 3.07
World: 6 2016
Pakistan: 2.29
Philippines: 2.7
World: 5.97 2017
Pakistan: 3.2
Philippines: 2.55
World: 5.9 2018
Pakistan: 4.08
Philippines: 2.34
World: 5.76 2019
Pakistan: 4.83
Philippines: 2.24
World: 5.59 2020
Pakistan: 5.99
Philippines: 2.52
World: 6.59 2021
Pakistan: 6.34
Philippines: 3.4
World: 6.05 2022
Pakistan: 5.29
Philippines: 2.6
World: 5.23 2023
Pakistan: 5.24
Philippines: 2.2
World: 4.85 2024
Pakistan: 5.49
Philippines: 2.2
World: 4.81 2025
Pakistan: 5.42
Philippines: 2.24
World: 4.79
1991
2001
2006
2011
2016
2025
CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding land use)
t · 1970-2024
Pakistan
Philippines
World
0
1
2
3
4
5
1970
Pakistan: 0.3
Philippines: 0.71
World: 4.14 1971
Pakistan: 0.29
Philippines: 0.7
World: 4.04 1972
Pakistan: 0.3
Philippines: 0.71
World: 4.16 1973
Pakistan: 0.31
Philippines: 0.78
World: 4.32 1974
Pakistan: 0.32
Philippines: 0.73
World: 4.23 1975
Pakistan: 0.34
Philippines: 0.78
World: 4.14 1976
Pakistan: 0.31
Philippines: 0.76
World: 4.31 1977
Pakistan: 0.32
Philippines: 0.81
World: 4.36 1978
Pakistan: 0.33
Philippines: 0.81
World: 4.42 1979
Pakistan: 0.34
Philippines: 0.85
World: 4.46 1980
Pakistan: 0.35
Philippines: 0.74
World: 4.33 1981
Pakistan: 0.37
Philippines: 0.69
World: 4.18 1982
Pakistan: 0.4
Philippines: 0.67
World: 4.05 1983
Pakistan: 0.41
Philippines: 0.7
World: 4.01 1984
Pakistan: 0.42
Philippines: 0.6
World: 4.07 1985
Pakistan: 0.45
Philippines: 0.58
World: 4.05 1986
Pakistan: 0.46
Philippines: 0.53
World: 4.04 1987
Pakistan: 0.52
Philippines: 0.64
World: 4.1 1988
Pakistan: 0.54
Philippines: 0.65
World: 4.16 1989
Pakistan: 0.57
Philippines: 0.65
World: 4.16 1990
Pakistan: 0.57
Philippines: 0.68
World: 4.15 1991
Pakistan: 0.57
Philippines: 0.67
World: 4.1 1992
Pakistan: 0.61
Philippines: 0.71
World: 4.01 1993
Pakistan: 0.66
Philippines: 0.75
World: 3.97 1994
Pakistan: 0.65
Philippines: 0.79
World: 3.94 1995
Pakistan: 0.68
Philippines: 0.93
World: 3.99 1996
Pakistan: 0.69
Philippines: 0.95
World: 4.01 1997
Pakistan: 0.7
Philippines: 1.04
World: 4.02 1998
Pakistan: 0.68
Philippines: 1
World: 3.98 1999
Pakistan: 0.73
Philippines: 0.95
World: 3.95 2000
Pakistan: 0.72
Philippines: 0.93
World: 4.01 2001
Pakistan: 0.72
Philippines: 0.88
World: 4.01 2002
Pakistan: 0.69
Philippines: 0.88
World: 4.02 2003
Pakistan: 0.7
Philippines: 0.88
World: 4.15 2004
Pakistan: 0.77
Philippines: 0.88
World: 4.28 2005
Pakistan: 0.76
Philippines: 0.9
World: 4.39 2006
Pakistan: 0.81
Philippines: 0.79
World: 4.48 2007
Pakistan: 0.88
Philippines: 0.85
World: 4.59 2008
Pakistan: 0.83
Philippines: 0.84
World: 4.56 2009
Pakistan: 0.82
Philippines: 0.83
World: 4.45 2010
Pakistan: 0.78
Philippines: 0.88
World: 4.67 2011
Pakistan: 0.76
Philippines: 0.86
World: 4.76 2012
Pakistan: 0.76
Philippines: 0.89
World: 4.77 2013
Pakistan: 0.76
Philippines: 0.96
World: 4.81 2014
Pakistan: 0.79
Philippines: 1
World: 4.78 2015
Pakistan: 0.82
Philippines: 1.07
World: 4.7 2016
Pakistan: 0.89
Philippines: 1.14
World: 4.65 2017
Pakistan: 0.96
Philippines: 1.25
World: 4.67 2018
Pakistan: 0.89
Philippines: 1.29
World: 4.73 2019
Pakistan: 0.86
Philippines: 1.34
World: 4.7 2020
Pakistan: 0.95
Philippines: 1.22
World: 4.47 2021
Pakistan: 0.96
Philippines: 1.29
World: 4.68 2022
Pakistan: 0.97
Philippines: 1.33
World: 4.67 2023
Pakistan: 0.84
Philippines: 1.41
World: 4.68 2024
Pakistan: 0.81
Philippines: 1.5
World: 4.69
1970
1986
1994
2002
2010
2024
Individuals using the internet
% · 2005-2024
Pakistan
Philippines
World
0
20
40
60
80
2005
Pakistan: 6.33
Philippines: 5.4
World: 15.6 2006
Pakistan: 6.5
Philippines: 5.74
World: 17.2 2007
Pakistan: 6.8
Philippines: 5.97
World: 20.2 2008
Pakistan: 7
Philippines: 6.22
World: 22.8 2009
Pakistan: 7.5
Philippines: 9
World: 25.3 2010
Pakistan: 8
Philippines: 25
World: 28.4 2011
Pakistan: 8
Philippines: 29
World: 30.9 2012
Pakistan: 8.1
Philippines: 30.8
World: 33.3 2013
Pakistan: 9
Philippines: 32.7
World: 35.3 2014
Pakistan: 10
Philippines: 34.7
World: 37.4 2015
Pakistan: 11
Philippines: 36.9
World: 39.9 2016
Pakistan: 12.39
Philippines: 39.2
World: 43.6 2017
Pakistan: 13.78
Philippines: 41.6
World: 46.3 2018
Pakistan: 15.34
Philippines: 44.1
World: 49.4 2019
Pakistan: 17.07
Philippines: 43.03
World: 53.9 2020
Pakistan: 18.94
Philippines: 53.76
World: 60.1 2024
Pakistan: 57.25
Philippines: 67.26
World: 71.2
2005
2011
2014
2024
Population
Human development
Economy
Labour
Health
Food
Education
Society
Refugees
Governance
Environment
Energy
Sources: World Bank (World Development Indicators, Worldwide Governance Indicators), ILO modelled estimates, FAO (FAOSTAT), UNDP (Human Development Report),
UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database, Ember (electricity), the Global Carbon Project (CO₂) and the
UN World Population Prospects and World Urbanization Prospects, under CC BY 4.0 and CC BY 3.0 IGO. Ranks are computed by StatsNode in the
latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value.
Sources and licences .