Level of water stress (freshwater withdrawal of available resources)

176 countries, 2022. Unit: % of available freshwater.

First in the ranking
0.0 %
Median country
10.7 %
half above, half below
Range
0.0 to 3,850.5
Republic of the Congo - Kuwait

How to read it

Across 176 countries worldwide, the highest value is in Kuwait (3,850.5 %) and the lowest in Republic of the Congo (0.0 %).

The median country is at 10.7 %: half are above, half below.

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This…

Compare selected countries · on the world map

Source: AQUASTAT - FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), uri… · via World Bank WDI (ER.H2O.FWST.ZS) · licence

Water stress over time

%

Ranking of countries

2022
In chart Continent Share of the highest value
1Republic of the Congo0.0Africa
2Papua New Guinea0.1Oceania
3Equatorial Guinea0.2Africa
4Bolivia0.2South America
5Democratic Republic of the Congo0.2Africa
6Liberia0.3Africa
7Fiji0.3Oceania
8Namibia0.3Africa
9Central African Republic0.3Africa
10Iceland0.4Europe
11Sierra Leone0.5Africa
12Gabon0.5Africa
13Comoros0.8Africa
14Panama0.9North America
15Benin1.0Africa
16Latvia1.0Europe
17Cambodia1.0Asia
18Belize1.3North America
19Guinea1.4Africa
20Bhutan1.4Asia
21Guinea-Bissau1.5Africa
22Brazil1.5South America
23Croatia1.5Europe
24Cameroon1.6Africa
25Mozambique1.8Africa
26Paraguay1.8South America
27Angola1.9Africa
28São Tomé and Principe1.9Africa
29Norway2.0Europe
30Bosnia and Herzegovina2.1Europe
31Lithuania2.2Europe
32The Gambia2.2Africa
33Nicaragua2.2North America
34Botswana2.2Africa
35Slovakia2.4Europe
36Lesotho2.6Africa
37Zambia2.8Africa
38Guyana3.3South America
39Togo3.4Africa
40Mongolia3.4Asia
41Malaysia3.4Asia
42Brunei3.5Asia
43Sweden3.6Europe
44Colombia3.6South America
45Canada3.7North America
46Suriname4.0South America
47Luxembourg4.0Europe
48Russia4.1Europe
49Georgia4.2Asia
50South Sudan4.2Africa
51Chad4.3Africa
52Honduras4.6North America
53Belarus4.7Europe
54Australia4.7Oceania
55Albania4.8Europe
56Laos4.8Asia
57Peru4.8South America
58Côte d'Ivoire5.1Africa
59Slovenia5.6Europe
60Bangladesh5.7Asia
61Serbia5.7Europe
62Guatemala5.7North America
63Myanmar5.8Asia
64Uganda5.8Africa
65Costa Rica5.9North America
66Ukraine6.3Europe
67Ghana6.3Africa
68Djibouti6.3Africa
69Switzerland6.5Europe
70Ecuador6.8South America
71Grenada7.1North America
72Finland7.1Europe
73Venezuela7.5South America
74Romania7.6Europe
75Burkina Faso7.8Africa
76Saint Vincent and the Grenadines7.9North America
77Mali8.0Africa
78New Zealand8.0Oceania
79Ireland8.1Europe
80Hungary8.1Europe
81Nepal8.3Asia
82Antigua and Barbuda8.5North America
83Austria8.7Europe
84Chile9.0South America
85Nigeria9.7Africa
86Dominica10.0North America
87Burundi10.2Africa
88Argentina10.5South America
89Niger11.0Africa
90Eritrea11.2Africa
91Madagascar11.3Africa
92Uruguay12.1South America
93El Salvador12.1North America
94Portugal12.3Europe
95Jamaica12.4North America
96Moldova12.6Europe
97Tanzania13.0Africa
98Estonia13.0Europe
99Mauritania13.2Africa
100Haiti13.4North America
101Saint Lucia14.3North America
102United Kingdom14.4Europe
103Maldives15.7Asia
104Senegal16.3Africa
105Netherlands16.7Europe
106Malawi17.5Africa
107Vietnam18.1Asia
108Puerto Rico19.5North America
109Rwanda20.2Africa
110Greece20.3Europe
111Trinidad and Tobago20.3North America
112France21.4Europe
113Czechia22.0Europe
114Mauritius23.0Africa
115Thailand23.0Asia
116Cuba23.9North America
117Somalia24.5Africa
118Denmark25.3Europe
119North Korea27.7Asia
120Philippines27.8Asia
121United States28.2North America
122Timor-Leste28.3Asia
123Indonesia29.7Asia
124Italy29.8Europe
125Cyprus30.5Asia
126Ethiopia32.3Africa
127Poland32.5Europe
128Kenya33.2Africa
129Singapore33.3Asia
130Kazakhstan34.6Asia
131Germany35.4Europe
132Japan36.6Asia
133Dominican Republic39.6North America
134Bulgaria40.2Europe
135China41.5Asia
136Spain43.3Europe
137Mexico44.9North America
138Zimbabwe46.1Africa
139Türkiye47.9Asia
140Kyrgyzstan50.0Asia
141Morocco50.8Africa
142Saint Kitts and Nevis50.8North America
143North Macedonia52.6Europe
144Belgium52.8Europe
145Afghanistan54.8Asia
146Azerbaijan57.5Asia
147Lebanon58.8Asia
148Iraq59.6Asia
149Cabo Verde59.7Africa
150Armenia62.0Asia
151India66.5Asia
152South Africa67.6Africa
153Tajikistan69.9Asia
154Malta72.6Europe
155Eswatini77.6Africa
156Iran81.3Asia
157South Korea85.2Asia
158Barbados87.5North America
159Sri Lanka90.8Asia
160Tunisia98.1Africa
161Jordan105.2Asia
162Pakistan110.0Asia
163Oman116.7Asia
164Sudan118.7Africa
165Uzbekistan123.0Asia
166Syria124.4Asia
167Bahrain133.7Asia
168Turkmenistan135.2Asia
169Egypt141.2Africa
170Algeria144.8Africa
171Yemen169.8Asia
172Qatar431.0Asia
173Libya817.1Africa
174Saudi Arabia974.2Asia
175United Arab Emirates1,509.9Asia
176Kuwait3,850.5Asia
World Bank, WDI · ER.H2O.FWST.ZS · 2022 · CC BY 4.0 Source and licence

Biggest changes, 2012-2022

change in percentage points · 176 countries

Largest increase

  1. Kuwait 3,093.5 → 3,850.5 +757.0 pp
  2. Saudi Arabia 900.1 → 974.2 +74.1 pp
  3. North Macedonia 15.3 → 52.6 +37.2 pp
  4. Algeria 109.8 → 144.8 +35.1 pp
  5. Cabo Verde 30.2 → 59.7 +29.5 pp

Largest decrease

  1. United Arab Emirates 1,747.5 → 1,509.9 −237.5 pp
  2. Singapore 160.0 → 33.3 −126.8 pp
  3. Bahrain 163.7 → 133.7 −30.0 pp
  4. Uzbekistan 143.9 → 123.0 −20.9 pp
  5. Belgium 65.1 → 52.8 −12.3 pp

Continents over time

median country of each continent

Water stress - continent medians

%

Africa Asia Europe North America South America

0 20 40 60 80 1995 Africa: 3.42 Asia: 67.04 Europe: 14.98 North America: 10.93 South America: 3.49 1996 Africa: 3.49 Asia: 68.21 Europe: 15.72 North America: 9.95 South America: 3.54 1997 Africa: 3.6 Asia: 69.38 Europe: 16.22 North America: 10.99 South America: 3.59 1998 Africa: 3.72 Asia: 70.14 Europe: 16.37 North America: 9.94 South America: 3.64 1999 Africa: 3.58 Asia: 70.78 Europe: 16.56 North America: 10.21 South America: 3.69 2000 Africa: 4.28 Asia: 62.68 Europe: 16.01 North America: 11.44 South America: 3.74 2001 Africa: 5.02 Asia: 62.88 Europe: 15.21 North America: 10.76 South America: 3.71 2002 Africa: 6.32 Asia: 60.31 Europe: 12.86 North America: 11.03 South America: 4.18 2003 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 57.74 Europe: 12.83 North America: 11.33 South America: 4.12 2004 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 54.97 Europe: 12.7 North America: 11.93 South America: 4.07 2005 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 55.9 Europe: 14.13 North America: 11.86 South America: 4.01 2006 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 54.76 Europe: 14.12 North America: 12.13 South America: 3.95 2007 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 53.61 Europe: 13.01 North America: 12.74 South America: 3.95 2008 Africa: 6.21 Asia: 50.48 Europe: 13.08 North America: 12.85 South America: 3.68 2009 Africa: 6.02 Asia: 49.12 Europe: 11.74 North America: 12.95 South America: 3.65 2010 Africa: 5.84 Asia: 45.04 Europe: 10.58 North America: 12.88 South America: 3.74 2011 Africa: 5.83 Asia: 49.34 Europe: 10.02 North America: 12.82 South America: 3.9 2012 Africa: 5.95 Asia: 50.93 Europe: 9.46 North America: 12.75 South America: 4.12 2013 Africa: 6.2 Asia: 51.5 Europe: 9.19 North America: 12.69 South America: 4.35 2014 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 50.61 Europe: 8.34 North America: 12.62 South America: 4.57 2015 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 49.53 Europe: 8.03 North America: 10 South America: 4.79 2016 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 51.25 Europe: 7.92 North America: 12.47 South America: 5.01 2017 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 51.37 Europe: 8.54 North America: 12.34 South America: 5.23 2018 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 48.59 Europe: 8.64 North America: 12.21 South America: 5.37 2019 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 52.4 Europe: 8.19 North America: 12.09 South America: 5.37 2020 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 52.08 Europe: 8.21 North America: 11.05 South America: 5.37 2021 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 52.4 Europe: 8.2 North America: 12.16 South America: 4.26 2022 Africa: 6.33 Asia: 48.96 Europe: 8.08 North America: 12.09 South America: 4.39 1995 2003 2007 2011 2015 2022

By continent

median country
Africa 6.3 %
Asia 49.0 %
Europe 8.1 %
North America 12.1 %
South America 4.4 %
Oceania 2.5 %

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart above, up to six at a time. The ranking uses the latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value; countries without a value that year are not listed.