Cumulative fossil CO₂ emissions since 1750

204 countries, 2025. Unit: billion tonnes CO₂.

First in the ranking
439.3 Gt
United States
Median country
0.5 Gt
half above, half below
World total
1,886.8 Gt
Global Carbon Project aggregate
Range
0.0 to 439.3
Tuvalu - United States

How to read it

Across 204 countries worldwide, the highest value is in United States (439.3 Gt) and the lowest in Tuvalu (0.0 Gt).

The median country is at 0.5 Gt: half are above, half below.

For the world as a total, the value rose from 944.5 Gt in 1996 to 1,886.8 Gt in 2025.

Compare selected countries · on the world map

Source: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Budget, national fossil CO₂ emissions · licence

Cumulative CO₂ over time

Gt

Ranking of countries

2025
In chart Continent Share of the highest value
1United States439.3North America
2China298.5Asia
3Russia123.6Europe
4Germany96.1Europe
5United Kingdom80.7Europe
6Japan71.3Asia
7India69.2Asia
8France40.4Europe
9Canada36.3North America
10Ukraine31.1Europe
11Poland29.3Europe
12Italy26.3Europe
13South Africa23.3Africa
14Iran22.6Asia
15Mexico22.3North America
16South Korea21.3Asia
17Australia20.4Oceania
18Brazil18.7South America
19Saudi Arabia18.6Asia
20Indonesia18.2Asia
21Spain15.8Europe
22Kazakhstan15.2Asia
23Türkiye13.3Asia
24Belgium13.1Europe
25Netherlands12.4Europe
26Czechia12.4Europe
27Argentina9.4South America
28Romania8.8Europe
29Thailand8.4Asia
30Venezuela8.2South America
31Egypt7.7Africa
32Malaysia7.4Asia
33Uzbekistan6.8Asia
34Pakistan6.1Asia
35Vietnam6.1Asia
36United Arab Emirates5.9Asia
37Iraq5.8Asia
38Austria5.8Europe
39Algeria5.7Africa
40North Korea5.5Asia
41Hungary5.3Europe
42Sweden5.2Europe
43Belarus5.1Europe
44Nigeria4.8Africa
45Greece4.3Europe
46Denmark4.2Europe
47Philippines4.1Asia
48Slovakia4.1Europe
49Bulgaria4.0Europe
50Colombia4.0South America
51Kuwait3.4Asia
52Chile3.4South America
53Finland3.4Europe
54Switzerland3.2Europe
55Serbia3.0Europe
56Portugal2.8Europe
57Norway2.8Europe
58Turkmenistan2.8Asia
59Israel2.7Asia
60Azerbaijan2.6Asia
61Libya2.6Africa
62Qatar2.5Asia
63Ireland2.4Europe
64Singapore2.3Asia
65Peru2.2South America
66Bangladesh2.1Asia
67Morocco2.1Africa
68New Zealand2.0Oceania
69Syria2.0Asia
70Cuba1.8North America
71Hong Kong1.8Asia
72Oman1.8Asia
73Trinidad and Tobago1.7North America
74Estonia1.7Europe
75Lithuania1.6Europe
76Ecuador1.4South America
77Moldova1.3Europe
78Croatia1.2Europe
79Bahrain1.2Asia
80Tunisia1.1Africa
81Bosnia and Herzegovina1.1Europe
82Latvia1.0Europe
83Slovenia0.9Europe
84Dominican Republic0.9North America
85Kyrgyzstan0.9Asia
86Zimbabwe0.9Africa
87Jordan0.8Asia
88Lebanon0.8Asia
89Yemen0.8Asia
90Luxembourg0.8Europe
91Mongolia0.8Asia
92Angola0.8Africa
93Myanmar0.8Asia
94Bolivia0.7South America
95Georgia0.7Asia
96Sri Lanka0.6Asia
97Kenya0.6Africa
98Curaçao0.6North America
99North Macedonia0.5Europe
100Guatemala0.5North America
101Sudan0.5Africa
102Tajikistan0.5Asia
103Jamaica0.5North America
104Uruguay0.5South America
105Ghana0.5Africa
106Brunei0.4Asia
107Côte d'Ivoire0.4Africa
108Armenia0.4Asia
109Panama0.4North America
110Tanzania0.4Africa
111Ethiopia0.4Africa
112Cyprus0.3Asia
113Honduras0.3North America
114Albania0.3Europe
115Senegal0.3Africa
116Cameroon0.3Africa
117Zambia0.3Africa
118Gabon0.3Africa
119Costa Rica0.3North America
120Cambodia0.3Asia
121El Salvador0.3North America
122Laos0.3Asia
123Afghanistan0.2Asia
124Democratic Republic of the Congo0.2Africa
125Nepal0.2Asia
126Mozambique0.2Africa
127Paraguay0.2South America
128Papua New Guinea0.2Oceania
129Nicaragua0.2North America
130Botswana0.2Africa
131Republic of the Congo0.2Africa
132Bahamas0.2North America
133Iceland0.2Europe
134New Caledonia0.2Oceania
135Equatorial Guinea0.2Africa
136Benin0.1Africa
137Uganda0.1Africa
138Mauritius0.1Africa
139Montenegro0.1Europe
140Suriname0.1South America
141Guyana0.1South America
142Madagascar0.1Africa
143Guinea0.1Africa
144Malta0.1Europe
145Mali0.1Africa
146Mauritania0.1Africa
147Burkina Faso0.1Africa
148Namibia0.1Africa
149Haiti0.1North America
150Sint Maarten0.1North America
151Palestine0.1Asia
152Togo0.1Africa
153Aruba0.1North America
154Barbados0.1North America
155Niger0.1Africa
156Malawi0.1Africa
157Macao0.1Asia
158Fiji0.1Oceania
159South Sudan0.1Africa
160Chad0.1Africa
161Liberia0.1Africa
162Eswatini0.0Africa
163Sierra Leone0.0Africa
164Somalia0.0Africa
165Rwanda0.0Africa
166Maldives0.0Asia
167French Polynesia0.0Oceania
168Greenland0.0North America
169Faroe Islands0.0Europe
170Bhutan0.0Asia
171Bermuda0.0North America
172Antigua and Barbuda0.0North America
173Belize0.0North America
174Djibouti0.0Africa
175Lesotho0.0Africa
176Eritrea0.0Africa
177The Gambia0.0Africa
178Cabo Verde0.0Africa
179Andorra0.0Europe
180Saint Lucia0.0North America
181Burundi0.0Africa
182Seychelles0.0Africa
183Solomon Islands0.0Oceania
184Central African Republic0.0Africa
185Timor-Leste0.0Asia
186Liechtenstein0.0Europe
187Grenada0.0North America
188Guinea-Bissau0.0Africa
189Saint Kitts and Nevis0.0North America
190Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.0North America
191Comoros0.0Africa
192Turks and Caicos Islands0.0North America
193Samoa0.0Oceania
194Palau0.0Oceania
195British Virgin Islands0.0North America
196Vanuatu0.0Oceania
197Dominica0.0North America
198Federated States of Micronesia0.0Oceania
199Tonga0.0Oceania
200Nauru0.0Oceania
201Marshall Islands0.0Oceania
202São Tomé and Principe0.0Africa
203Kiribati0.0Oceania
204Tuvalu0.0Oceania
Global Carbon Project · 2025 · CC BY 4.0 Source and licence

Biggest changes, 2015-2025

% change · 204 countries

Largest increase

  1. Laos 0.1 → 0.3 +366%
  2. Cambodia 0.1 → 0.3 +221%
  3. Nepal 0.1 → 0.2 +146%
  4. Mali 0.0 → 0.1 +139%
  5. Burkina Faso 0.0 → 0.1 +127%

Largest decrease

  1. Moldova 1.3 → 1.3 +4%
  2. United Kingdom 77.2 → 80.7 +4%
  3. Curaçao 0.5 → 0.6 +5%
  4. Ukraine 29.2 → 31.1 +6%
  5. Germany 89.3 → 96.1 +8%

Continents over time

median country of each continent

Cumulative CO₂ - continent medians

Gt

Africa Asia Europe North America South America Oceania

0 1 2 3 4 1950 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.03 Europe: 0.27 North America: 0 South America: 0.08 Oceania: 0 1951 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.03 Europe: 0.28 North America: 0 South America: 0.09 Oceania: 0 1952 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.03 Europe: 0.3 North America: 0 South America: 0.09 Oceania: 0 1953 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.03 Europe: 0.31 North America: 0 South America: 0.1 Oceania: 0 1954 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.04 Europe: 0.33 North America: 0 South America: 0.11 Oceania: 0 1955 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.04 Europe: 0.35 North America: 0 South America: 0.11 Oceania: 0 1956 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.04 Europe: 0.37 North America: 0 South America: 0.12 Oceania: 0 1957 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.05 Europe: 0.39 North America: 0 South America: 0.13 Oceania: 0 1958 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.05 Europe: 0.41 North America: 0 South America: 0.14 Oceania: 0 1959 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.06 Europe: 0.33 North America: 0 South America: 0.15 Oceania: 0 1960 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.06 Europe: 0.34 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.16 Oceania: 0 1961 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.06 Europe: 0.35 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.17 Oceania: 0 1962 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.06 Europe: 0.36 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.18 Oceania: 0 1963 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.07 Europe: 0.37 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.19 Oceania: 0 1964 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.08 Europe: 0.39 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.21 Oceania: 0 1965 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.08 Europe: 0.43 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.22 Oceania: 0 1966 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.09 Europe: 0.48 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.23 Oceania: 0 1967 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.1 Europe: 0.54 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.24 Oceania: 0 1968 Africa: 0 Asia: 0.1 Europe: 0.6 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.25 Oceania: 0 1969 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.11 Europe: 0.66 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.26 Oceania: 0 1970 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.12 Europe: 0.7 North America: 0.01 South America: 0.27 Oceania: 0 1971 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.12 Europe: 0.73 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.28 Oceania: 0 1972 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.13 Europe: 0.76 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.3 Oceania: 0 1973 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.14 Europe: 0.79 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.31 Oceania: 0 1974 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.16 Europe: 0.81 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.32 Oceania: 0 1975 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.18 Europe: 0.84 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.33 Oceania: 0 1976 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.21 Europe: 0.87 North America: 0.02 South America: 0.35 Oceania: 0 1977 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.23 Europe: 0.9 North America: 0.03 South America: 0.36 Oceania: 0 1978 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.25 Europe: 0.94 North America: 0.03 South America: 0.37 Oceania: 0 1979 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.27 Europe: 0.97 North America: 0.03 South America: 0.39 Oceania: 0 1980 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.29 Europe: 1 North America: 0.03 South America: 0.4 Oceania: 0 1981 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.31 Europe: 1.04 North America: 0.03 South America: 0.42 Oceania: 0 1982 Africa: 0.01 Asia: 0.33 Europe: 1.08 North America: 0.04 South America: 0.43 Oceania: 0 1983 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.35 Europe: 1.13 North America: 0.04 South America: 0.44 Oceania: 0 1984 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.37 Europe: 1.17 North America: 0.04 South America: 0.45 Oceania: 0 1985 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.39 Europe: 1.22 North America: 0.04 South America: 0.46 Oceania: 0 1986 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.42 Europe: 1.27 North America: 0.04 South America: 0.47 Oceania: 0 1987 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.45 Europe: 1.33 North America: 0.05 South America: 0.49 Oceania: 0 1988 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.48 Europe: 1.39 North America: 0.05 South America: 0.51 Oceania: 0 1989 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.51 Europe: 1.44 North America: 0.05 South America: 0.53 Oceania: 0.01 1990 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.49 Europe: 1.45 North America: 0.05 South America: 0.55 Oceania: 0 1991 Africa: 0.02 Asia: 0.53 Europe: 1.5 North America: 0.05 South America: 0.57 Oceania: 0 1992 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.57 Europe: 1.55 North America: 0.06 South America: 0.59 Oceania: 0 1993 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.62 Europe: 1.61 North America: 0.06 South America: 0.61 Oceania: 0 1994 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.6 Europe: 1.69 North America: 0.06 South America: 0.63 Oceania: 0 1995 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.62 Europe: 1.76 North America: 0.06 South America: 0.66 Oceania: 0 1996 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.63 Europe: 1.83 North America: 0.06 South America: 0.68 Oceania: 0 1997 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.65 Europe: 1.91 North America: 0.07 South America: 0.71 Oceania: 0 1998 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.67 Europe: 1.99 North America: 0.07 South America: 0.73 Oceania: 0 1999 Africa: 0.03 Asia: 0.7 Europe: 2.07 North America: 0.07 South America: 0.76 Oceania: 0 2000 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.72 Europe: 2.12 North America: 0.07 South America: 0.78 Oceania: 0 2001 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.74 Europe: 2.18 North America: 0.07 South America: 0.81 Oceania: 0 2002 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.76 Europe: 2.23 North America: 0.08 South America: 0.83 Oceania: 0 2003 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.8 Europe: 2.29 North America: 0.08 South America: 0.86 Oceania: 0 2004 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.85 Europe: 2.35 North America: 0.08 South America: 0.89 Oceania: 0 2005 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.89 Europe: 2.4 North America: 0.08 South America: 0.92 Oceania: 0 2006 Africa: 0.04 Asia: 0.94 Europe: 2.45 North America: 0.09 South America: 0.95 Oceania: 0 2007 Africa: 0.05 Asia: 0.99 Europe: 2.51 North America: 0.09 South America: 0.99 Oceania: 0 2008 Africa: 0.05 Asia: 1.04 Europe: 2.56 North America: 0.09 South America: 1.02 Oceania: 0 2009 Africa: 0.05 Asia: 1.09 Europe: 2.61 North America: 0.09 South America: 1.06 Oceania: 0 2010 Africa: 0.06 Asia: 1.15 Europe: 2.67 North America: 0.1 South America: 1.1 Oceania: 0 2011 Africa: 0.06 Asia: 1.2 Europe: 2.71 North America: 0.1 South America: 1.14 Oceania: 0 2012 Africa: 0.06 Asia: 1.26 Europe: 2.76 North America: 0.1 South America: 1.18 Oceania: 0 2013 Africa: 0.07 Asia: 1.33 Europe: 2.81 North America: 0.11 South America: 1.22 Oceania: 0 2014 Africa: 0.07 Asia: 1.4 Europe: 2.85 North America: 0.11 South America: 1.26 Oceania: 0.01 2015 Africa: 0.08 Asia: 1.46 Europe: 2.89 North America: 0.11 South America: 1.31 Oceania: 0.01 2016 Africa: 0.08 Asia: 1.53 Europe: 2.94 North America: 0.11 South America: 1.35 Oceania: 0.01 2017 Africa: 0.09 Asia: 1.6 Europe: 2.98 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.4 Oceania: 0.01 2018 Africa: 0.09 Asia: 1.67 Europe: 3.02 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.45 Oceania: 0.01 2019 Africa: 0.09 Asia: 1.71 Europe: 3.06 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.5 Oceania: 0.01 2020 Africa: 0.1 Asia: 1.75 Europe: 3.1 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.54 Oceania: 0.01 2021 Africa: 0.1 Asia: 1.81 Europe: 3.13 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.58 Oceania: 0.01 2022 Africa: 0.11 Asia: 1.87 Europe: 3.17 North America: 0.12 South America: 1.63 Oceania: 0.01 2023 Africa: 0.12 Asia: 1.94 Europe: 3.2 North America: 0.13 South America: 1.69 Oceania: 0.01 2024 Africa: 0.12 Asia: 2.01 Europe: 3.23 North America: 0.13 South America: 1.75 Oceania: 0.01 2025 Africa: 0.13 Asia: 2.08 Europe: 3.26 North America: 0.13 South America: 1.8 Oceania: 0.01 1950 1972 1983 1994 2005 2025

By continent

median country
Africa 0.1 Gt
Asia 2.1 Gt
Europe 3.3 Gt
North America 0.1 Gt
South America 1.8 Gt
Oceania 0.0 Gt

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart above, up to six at a time. The ranking uses the latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value; countries without a value that year are not listed.