Carbon intensity of electricity generation

190 countries, 2024. Unit: gCO₂e per kWh.

First in the ranking
23 g/kWh
Ethiopia
Median country
468 g/kWh
half above, half below
World
474 g/kWh
Ember aggregate
Range
23 to 1,306
Ethiopia - Turkmenistan

How to read it

Across 190 countries worldwide, the highest value is in Turkmenistan (1,306 g/kWh) and the lowest in Ethiopia (23 g/kWh).

The median country is at 468 g/kWh: half are above, half below.

For the world as a whole, the value fell from 528 g/kWh in 2000 to 461 g/kWh in 2025.

Compare selected countries · on the world map

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data · licence

Carbon intensity of power over time

g/kWh

Add to chart:

Ranking of countries

2024
In chart Continent Share of the highest value
1Ethiopia23Africa
2Bhutan24Asia
3Nepal24Asia
4Albania25Europe
5Paraguay25South America
6Costa Rica26North America
7Democratic Republic of the Congo28Africa
8Iceland28Europe
9Norway30Europe
10Switzerland35Europe
11Sweden35Europe
12France40Europe
13Namibia52Africa
14Malawi57Africa
15Sierra Leone57Africa
16Uganda59Africa
17Finland67Europe
18Uruguay69South America
19Tajikistan71Asia
20Kenya86Africa
21Venezuela86South America
22Slovakia97Europe
23Austria103Europe
24Brazil106South America
25Portugal111Europe
26New Zealand112Oceania
27El Salvador114North America
28Lithuania116Europe
29Afghanistan117Asia
30Eswatini120Africa
31Kyrgyzstan120Asia
32Zambia126Africa
33Luxembourg126Europe
34Belgium127Europe
35Mozambique129Africa
36Denmark132Europe
37Latvia135Europe
38Greenland138North America
39Georgia145Asia
40Spain146Europe
41Sudan154Africa
42Belize170North America
43Croatia171Europe
44Guinea181Africa
45Burundi184Africa
46Hungary184Europe
47Angola185Africa
48Canada185North America
49Ecuador204South America
50United Kingdom216Europe
51Panama220North America
52Cameroon226Africa
53Slovenia230Europe
54Laos232Asia
55Armenia240Asia
56Netherlands251Europe
57Peru258South America
58Romania260Europe
59Chile261South America
60Ireland271Europe
61Fiji276Oceania
62Bulgaria279Europe
63Italy281Europe
64Colombia298South America
65Nicaragua300North America
66Guatemala301North America
67Liberia314Africa
68Greece322Europe
69Honduras322North America
70Suriname323South America
71Belarus329Europe
72Pakistan334Asia
73Germany340Europe
74North Korea341Asia
75Tanzania344Africa
76Estonia344Europe
77Argentina345South America
78Rwanda362Africa
79Zimbabwe384Africa
80United States384North America
81Sri Lanka387Asia
82Lebanon388Asia
83Samoa400Oceania
84Côte d'Ivoire406Africa
85Czechia414Europe
86South Korea416Asia
87Palestine417Asia
88Togo421Africa
89Montenegro425Europe
90Djibouti430Africa
91Madagascar434Africa
92French Polynesia440Oceania
93Russia446Europe
94Cabo Verde463Africa
95United Arab Emirates468Asia
96Ghana469Africa
97Türkiye471Asia
98Macao474Asia
99Mexico483North America
100Japan484Asia
101Vietnam487Asia
102Malta488Europe
103Nigeria496Africa
104Bolivia496South America
105Singapore499Asia
106Kiribati500Oceania
107Myanmar502Asia
108North Macedonia512Europe
109Cyprus513Asia
110Mauritania515Africa
111Papua New Guinea516Oceania
112Gabon525Africa
113Jordan530Asia
114Somalia530Africa
115Mali537Africa
116Cambodia539Asia
117Haiti540North America
118Nauru540Oceania
119Senegal540Africa
120Israel541Asia
121Oman543Asia
122Aruba549North America
123Australia554Oceania
124Thailand555Asia
125Tunisia558Africa
126China559Asia
127Seychelles560Africa
128Burkina Faso561Africa
129Jamaica562North America
130New Caledonia564Oceania
131Dominican Republic567North America
132Tonga571Oceania
133Saint Vincent and the Grenadines573North America
134Egypt575Africa
135Benin579Africa
136Qatar582Asia
137Eritrea591Africa
138Yemen591Asia
139Morocco595Africa
140Solomon Islands600Oceania
141Barbados601North America
142Malaysia604Asia
143Saint Kitts and Nevis604North America
144Guam605Oceania
145Bosnia and Herzegovina607Europe
146Antigua and Barbuda608North America
147Poland608Europe
148Maldives615Asia
149American Samoa622Oceania
150Philippines629Asia
151Chad630Africa
152Cayman Islands632North America
153Algeria633Africa
154Azerbaijan634Asia
155Kuwait635Asia
156Moldova637Europe
157Turks and Caicos Islands637North America
158Guyana642South America
159Mauritius642Africa
160Saint Lucia643North America
161Cuba643North America
162Equatorial Guinea643Africa
163South Sudan646Africa
164Iran649Asia
165Bahamas652North America
166Puerto Rico657North America
167Grenada658North America
168The Gambia659Africa
169Guinea-Bissau663Africa
170Serbia668Europe
171Niger671Africa
172Hong Kong676Asia
173Trinidad and Tobago681North America
174Iraq683Asia
175Saudi Arabia692Asia
176Bangladesh696Asia
177Syria706Asia
178India707Asia
179Indonesia710Asia
180Republic of the Congo716Africa
181South Africa718Africa
182Kazakhstan802Asia
183Mongolia817Asia
184Libya827Africa
185Botswana852Africa
186Brunei893Asia
187Bahrain902Asia
188Kosovo925Europe
189Uzbekistan1,040Asia
190Turkmenistan1,306Asia
Ember · 2024 · CC BY 4.0 Source and licence

Biggest changes, 2014-2024

% change · 190 countries

Largest increase

  1. Laos 24 → 232 +877%
  2. Mozambique 32 → 129 +302%
  3. Zambia 43 → 126 +195%
  4. Tajikistan 33 → 71 +115%
  5. Namibia 28 → 52 +87%

Largest decrease

  1. Venezuela 341 → 86 −75%
  2. Costa Rica 93 → 26 −72%
  3. Finland 227 → 67 −70%
  4. Denmark 400 → 132 −67%
  5. Portugal 326 → 111 −66%

Continents over time

median country of each continent

Carbon intensity of power - continent medians

g/kWh

Africa Asia Europe North America South America Oceania

0 200 400 600 800 2000 Africa: 475.11 Asia: 629.95 Europe: 470.4 North America: 623.43 South America: 197.01 Oceania: 650 2001 Africa: 533.92 Asia: 636.99 Europe: 471.35 North America: 626.27 South America: 233.07 Oceania: 650 2002 Africa: 500 Asia: 623.34 Europe: 472.49 North America: 626.62 South America: 268.18 Oceania: 650 2003 Africa: 500 Asia: 621.11 Europe: 477.24 North America: 624.63 South America: 268.69 Oceania: 650 2004 Africa: 500 Asia: 630.4 Europe: 473.81 North America: 620.18 South America: 266.51 Oceania: 650 2005 Africa: 451.68 Asia: 623.15 Europe: 457.4 North America: 620.6 South America: 269.47 Oceania: 653.57 2006 Africa: 482.01 Asia: 624.75 Europe: 451.94 North America: 615.73 South America: 279.96 Oceania: 653.57 2007 Africa: 468.22 Asia: 630.48 Europe: 458.2 North America: 613.93 South America: 261.42 Oceania: 653.95 2008 Africa: 481.96 Asia: 639.19 Europe: 475.1 North America: 611.27 South America: 286.16 Oceania: 650 2009 Africa: 450 Asia: 633.87 Europe: 452.1 North America: 605.15 South America: 282.91 Oceania: 650 2010 Africa: 446.63 Asia: 619.73 Europe: 424.64 North America: 585.61 South America: 276.04 Oceania: 650 2011 Africa: 494.09 Asia: 632.35 Europe: 445.61 North America: 585.61 South America: 258.23 Oceania: 650 2012 Africa: 505.23 Asia: 619.44 Europe: 441.02 North America: 570.65 South America: 313.85 Oceania: 650 2013 Africa: 519.76 Asia: 615.48 Europe: 398.96 North America: 572.39 South America: 331.46 Oceania: 615.64 2014 Africa: 512.38 Asia: 644.16 Europe: 379.31 North America: 602.4 South America: 355.41 Oceania: 646.05 2015 Africa: 526.6 Asia: 640.99 Europe: 380.16 North America: 603.19 South America: 332.33 Oceania: 636.79 2016 Africa: 523.58 Asia: 611.32 Europe: 348.39 North America: 589.15 South America: 338.82 Oceania: 641.67 2017 Africa: 501.71 Asia: 605.8 Europe: 347.29 North America: 576.76 South America: 296.19 Oceania: 643.64 2018 Africa: 462.3 Asia: 600.59 Europe: 348.57 North America: 564.6 South America: 286.84 Oceania: 602.48 2019 Africa: 467.5 Asia: 596.7 Europe: 311.76 North America: 572.33 South America: 288.81 Oceania: 535.71 2020 Africa: 492.14 Asia: 582.89 Europe: 277.56 North America: 571.96 South America: 255.49 Oceania: 535.71 2021 Africa: 478.53 Asia: 590.75 Europe: 279.48 North America: 564.29 South America: 223.3 Oceania: 540.46 2022 Africa: 477.51 Asia: 561.06 Europe: 257.64 North America: 573.33 South America: 244.92 Oceania: 550.86 2023 Africa: 510.19 Asia: 542.58 Europe: 239.31 North America: 573.33 South America: 275.7 Oceania: 536.46 2024 Africa: 482.22 Asia: 540.71 Europe: 230.49 North America: 562.4 South America: 259.68 Oceania: 540 2000 2008 2012 2016 2024

By continent

median country
Africa 482 g/kWh
Asia 541 g/kWh
Europe 230 g/kWh
North America 562 g/kWh
South America 260 g/kWh
Oceania 540 g/kWh

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart above, up to six at a time. The ranking uses the latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value; countries without a value that year are not listed.