Fossil CO₂ emissions (fossil fuels and cement)

204 countries, 2024. Unit: million tonnes CO₂.

First in the ranking
12,289.0 Mt
China
Median country
12.3 Mt
half above, half below
World total
38,598.6 Mt
Global Carbon Project aggregate
Range
0.0 to 12,289.0
Tuvalu - China

How to read it

Across 204 countries worldwide, the highest value is in China (12,289.0 Mt) and the lowest in Tuvalu (0.0 Mt).

The median country is at 12.3 Mt: half are above, half below.

For the world as a total, the value rose from 23,516.6 Mt in 1995 to 38,598.6 Mt in 2024.

Compare selected countries · on the world map

Source: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Budget, national fossil CO₂ emissions · licence

Fossil CO₂ emissions over time

Mt

Ranking of countries

2024
In chart Continent Share of the highest value
1China12,289.0Asia
2United States4,904.1North America
3India3,193.5Asia
4Russia1,780.5Europe
5Japan961.9Asia
6Indonesia812.2Asia
7Iran792.6Asia
8Saudi Arabia692.1Asia
9South Korea583.7Asia
10Germany572.3Europe
11Canada533.3North America
12Türkiye513.0Asia
13Brazil483.0South America
14Mexico461.0North America
15South Africa439.8Africa
16Australia386.7Oceania
17Vietnam370.9Asia
18United Kingdom312.9Europe
19Italy301.9Europe
20Malaysia290.2Asia
21Kazakhstan287.0Asia
22Poland272.9Europe
23Thailand267.8Asia
24France264.2Europe
25Egypt258.4Africa
26Iraq233.6Asia
27United Arab Emirates222.0Asia
28Spain220.3Europe
29Algeria198.2Africa
30Pakistan179.8Asia
31Philippines174.9Asia
32Argentina171.1South America
33Ukraine142.5Europe
34Uzbekistan139.2Asia
35Nigeria135.8Africa
36Kuwait129.5Asia
37Qatar125.8Asia
38Venezuela116.0South America
39Netherlands114.8Europe
40Bangladesh108.3Asia
41Colombia92.7South America
42Belgium85.5Europe
43Oman82.7Asia
44Turkmenistan81.0Asia
45Chile78.7South America
46Czechia75.6Europe
47Peru70.2South America
48Morocco69.1Africa
49Romania68.6Europe
50Libya65.3Africa
51North Korea62.6Asia
52Austria56.4Europe
53Belarus55.8Europe
54Singapore53.9Asia
55Greece53.4Europe
56Israel52.6Asia
57Ecuador46.0South America
58Mongolia44.7Asia
59Serbia42.0Europe
60Hungary40.0Europe
61Azerbaijan39.8Asia
62Bahrain39.0Asia
63Sweden38.1Europe
64Norway37.2Europe
65Portugal35.5Europe
66Trinidad and Tobago34.6North America
67Hong Kong33.3Asia
68Ireland33.3Europe
69Dominican Republic33.1North America
70Tunisia32.7Africa
71New Zealand32.5Oceania
72Switzerland32.1Europe
73Syria31.8Asia
74Bulgaria31.6Europe
75Myanmar31.6Asia
76Finland29.8Europe
77Slovakia29.1Europe
78Bolivia28.7South America
79Denmark28.4Europe
80Cuba24.4North America
81Laos24.4Asia
82Jordan23.2Asia
83Angola22.3Africa
84Cambodia21.9Asia
85Kenya21.2Africa
86Ghana21.0Africa
87Sri Lanka20.8Asia
88Tanzania20.0Africa
89Guatemala19.9North America
90Bosnia and Herzegovina19.4Europe
91Nepal18.8Asia
92Croatia18.5Europe
93Ethiopia17.8Africa
94Sudan17.8Africa
95Lebanon15.7Asia
96Côte d'Ivoire14.8Africa
97Senegal14.1Africa
98Zimbabwe13.7Africa
99Honduras12.9North America
100Slovenia12.8Europe
101Panama12.7North America
102Lithuania12.5Europe
103Brunei12.1Asia
104Zambia12.0Africa
105Georgia11.8Asia
106Kyrgyzstan11.8Asia
107Afghanistan10.8Asia
108Tajikistan10.7Asia
109Yemen10.1Asia
110Cameroon9.6Africa
111El Salvador9.0North America
112Republic of the Congo8.8Africa
113Costa Rica8.8North America
114Mozambique8.6Africa
115Jamaica8.4North America
116Papua New Guinea8.3Oceania
117Estonia8.3Europe
118Uruguay8.0South America
119Paraguay7.9South America
120Botswana7.5Africa
121Armenia7.4Asia
122Cyprus7.3Asia
123Luxembourg7.0Europe
124Equatorial Guinea7.0Africa
125Mali7.0Africa
126North Macedonia6.6Europe
127Burkina Faso6.5Africa
128Latvia6.5Europe
129Uganda6.3Africa
130Benin6.1Africa
131Democratic Republic of the Congo5.9Africa
132Nicaragua5.6North America
133Gabon5.4Africa
134Moldova5.3Europe
135New Caledonia5.3Oceania
136Mauritania5.2Africa
137Palestine4.8Asia
138Mauritius4.7Africa
139Madagascar4.5Africa
140Guyana4.5South America
141Albania4.4Europe
142Guinea4.0Africa
143Iceland3.8Europe
144Namibia3.5Africa
145Niger3.2Africa
146Bahamas3.1North America
147Suriname3.0South America
148Haiti3.0North America
149Chad2.8Africa
150Togo2.8Africa
151Lesotho2.6Africa
152Montenegro2.4Europe
153Maldives2.3Asia
154Curaçao2.3North America
155Rwanda2.0Africa
156Malawi1.9Africa
157Malta1.7Europe
158South Sudan1.7Africa
159Bhutan1.7Asia
160Fiji1.4Oceania
161Sierra Leone1.4Africa
162Barbados1.4North America
163Somalia1.3Africa
164Macao1.1Asia
165Eswatini1.0Africa
166French Polynesia0.9Oceania
167Aruba0.9North America
168Burundi0.9Africa
169Liberia0.9Africa
170The Gambia0.8Africa
171Belize0.8North America
172Eritrea0.7Africa
173Faroe Islands0.7Europe
174Sint Maarten0.7North America
175Timor-Leste0.7Asia
176Antigua and Barbuda0.7North America
177Seychelles0.7Africa
178Greenland0.6North America
179Cabo Verde0.6Africa
180Djibouti0.6Africa
181Comoros0.6Africa
182Bermuda0.6North America
183Saint Lucia0.5North America
184Andorra0.4Europe
185Central African Republic0.4Africa
186Turks and Caicos Islands0.4North America
187Grenada0.4North America
188Guinea-Bissau0.3Africa
189Solomon Islands0.3Oceania
190Saint Kitts and Nevis0.3North America
191Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.3North America
192Samoa0.2Oceania
193Palau0.2Oceania
194Vanuatu0.2Oceania
195British Virgin Islands0.2North America
196Dominica0.2North America
197Marshall Islands0.2Oceania
198Tonga0.2Oceania
199Federated States of Micronesia0.2Oceania
200São Tomé and Principe0.1Africa
201Liechtenstein0.1Europe
202Kiribati0.1Oceania
203Nauru0.1Oceania
204Tuvalu0.0Oceania
Global Carbon Project · 2024 · CC BY 4.0 Source and licence

Biggest changes, 2014-2024

% change · 204 countries

Largest increase

  1. Laos 4.4 → 24.4 +457%
  2. Comoros 0.2 → 0.6 +235%
  3. Cambodia 6.7 → 21.9 +227%
  4. Central African Republic 0.1 → 0.4 +199%
  5. Burundi 0.4 → 0.9 +158%

Largest decrease

  1. Curaçao 6.8 → 2.3 −66%
  2. Yemen 26.6 → 10.1 −62%
  3. Estonia 18.8 → 8.3 −56%
  4. Ukraine 257.7 → 142.5 −45%
  5. Finland 47.6 → 29.8 −37%

Continents over time

median country of each continent

Fossil CO₂ emissions - continent medians

Mt

Africa Asia Europe North America South America Oceania

0 20 40 60 1950 Africa: 0.14 Asia: 1.65 Europe: 9.08 North America: 0.27 South America: 3.53 Oceania: 0.12 1951 Africa: 0.14 Asia: 1.61 Europe: 9.99 North America: 0.32 South America: 3.7 Oceania: 0.13 1952 Africa: 0.17 Asia: 1.94 Europe: 9.65 North America: 0.37 South America: 4.17 Oceania: 0.12 1953 Africa: 0.19 Asia: 2.07 Europe: 10.07 North America: 0.38 South America: 4.51 Oceania: 0.13 1954 Africa: 0.2 Asia: 2.82 Europe: 10.64 North America: 0.39 South America: 4.99 Oceania: 0.13 1955 Africa: 0.21 Asia: 2.92 Europe: 11.9 North America: 0.41 South America: 5.02 Oceania: 0.13 1956 Africa: 0.23 Asia: 2.76 Europe: 12.57 North America: 0.47 South America: 5.17 Oceania: 0.13 1957 Africa: 0.27 Asia: 2.9 Europe: 13.59 North America: 0.52 South America: 5.55 Oceania: 0.15 1958 Africa: 0.25 Asia: 3.35 Europe: 14.65 North America: 0.57 South America: 5.68 Oceania: 0.15 1959 Africa: 0.22 Asia: 3.18 Europe: 14.38 North America: 0.53 South America: 5.8 Oceania: 0.16 1960 Africa: 0.27 Asia: 3.71 Europe: 15.59 North America: 0.57 South America: 6.24 Oceania: 0.18 1961 Africa: 0.28 Asia: 4.14 Europe: 16.35 North America: 0.57 South America: 6.38 Oceania: 0.11 1962 Africa: 0.31 Asia: 5.03 Europe: 16.79 North America: 0.66 South America: 6.98 Oceania: 0.05 1963 Africa: 0.35 Asia: 5.83 Europe: 19.34 North America: 0.71 South America: 7.27 Oceania: 0.07 1964 Africa: 0.32 Asia: 6.41 Europe: 22.83 North America: 0.72 South America: 8.4 Oceania: 0.06 1965 Africa: 0.31 Asia: 6.24 Europe: 25.3 North America: 0.78 South America: 8.73 Oceania: 0.07 1966 Africa: 0.36 Asia: 6.47 Europe: 29.49 North America: 0.92 South America: 9.32 Oceania: 0.1 1967 Africa: 0.48 Asia: 7.26 Europe: 28.59 North America: 0.88 South America: 9.26 Oceania: 0.11 1968 Africa: 0.48 Asia: 9.22 Europe: 33.28 North America: 1.06 South America: 9.68 Oceania: 0.11 1969 Africa: 0.57 Asia: 8.69 Europe: 37.9 North America: 1.19 South America: 10.44 Oceania: 0.11 1970 Africa: 0.71 Asia: 13.48 Europe: 40.25 North America: 1.39 South America: 11.75 Oceania: 0.13 1971 Africa: 0.81 Asia: 11.75 Europe: 40.54 North America: 1.35 South America: 12.2 Oceania: 0.16 1972 Africa: 0.69 Asia: 12.91 Europe: 42.92 North America: 1.53 South America: 12.11 Oceania: 0.15 1973 Africa: 0.8 Asia: 14.07 Europe: 46.2 North America: 1.51 South America: 12.75 Oceania: 0.15 1974 Africa: 0.84 Asia: 13.48 Europe: 41.42 North America: 1.55 South America: 13.7 Oceania: 0.16 1975 Africa: 0.84 Asia: 13.99 Europe: 39.88 North America: 1.66 South America: 14.64 Oceania: 0.16 1976 Africa: 0.89 Asia: 13.82 Europe: 42.66 North America: 2.03 South America: 15.25 Oceania: 0.18 1977 Africa: 0.8 Asia: 14.95 Europe: 46.66 North America: 1.99 South America: 15.25 Oceania: 0.19 1978 Africa: 0.71 Asia: 15.55 Europe: 47.68 North America: 2.04 South America: 16.41 Oceania: 0.21 1979 Africa: 0.94 Asia: 16.95 Europe: 50.82 North America: 1.71 South America: 17.18 Oceania: 0.2 1980 Africa: 0.81 Asia: 18.32 Europe: 50.89 North America: 2.02 South America: 18.74 Oceania: 0.21 1981 Africa: 0.71 Asia: 19.04 Europe: 51.4 North America: 1.81 South America: 20.34 Oceania: 0.23 1982 Africa: 0.88 Asia: 19.72 Europe: 47.7 North America: 1.75 South America: 19.86 Oceania: 0.23 1983 Africa: 0.94 Asia: 20.5 Europe: 50.1 North America: 1.88 South America: 19.96 Oceania: 0.28 1984 Africa: 0.87 Asia: 21.24 Europe: 50.78 North America: 1.59 South America: 20.92 Oceania: 0.3 1985 Africa: 0.99 Asia: 22.36 Europe: 54.4 North America: 1.56 South America: 19.42 Oceania: 0.36 1986 Africa: 0.92 Asia: 23.67 Europe: 53.77 North America: 1.41 South America: 18.5 Oceania: 0.38 1987 Africa: 0.99 Asia: 25.18 Europe: 57.41 North America: 1.42 South America: 18.73 Oceania: 0.32 1988 Africa: 1.01 Asia: 26.18 Europe: 52.96 North America: 1.54 South America: 21.11 Oceania: 0.35 1989 Africa: 1.03 Asia: 25.44 Europe: 52.45 North America: 1.47 South America: 20.98 Oceania: 0.35 1990 Africa: 0.97 Asia: 21.3 Europe: 55.2 North America: 1.53 South America: 18.95 Oceania: 0.15 1991 Africa: 1.02 Asia: 17.41 Europe: 50.11 North America: 1.58 South America: 18.48 Oceania: 0.15 1992 Africa: 1.03 Asia: 26.82 Europe: 49.94 North America: 1.52 South America: 21.49 Oceania: 0.15 1993 Africa: 1.07 Asia: 27.52 Europe: 47.93 North America: 1.34 South America: 24 Oceania: 0.16 1994 Africa: 1.12 Asia: 29.22 Europe: 47.02 North America: 1.35 South America: 19.26 Oceania: 0.17 1995 Africa: 1.18 Asia: 30.68 Europe: 49.35 North America: 1.43 South America: 24.34 Oceania: 0.18 1996 Africa: 1.26 Asia: 30.08 Europe: 48.75 North America: 1.43 South America: 25.03 Oceania: 0.19 1997 Africa: 1.39 Asia: 30.17 Europe: 51.88 North America: 1.48 South America: 23.6 Oceania: 0.2 1998 Africa: 1.47 Asia: 32.62 Europe: 52.4 North America: 1.23 South America: 25.59 Oceania: 0.2 1999 Africa: 1.75 Asia: 32.57 Europe: 45.41 North America: 1.59 South America: 25.78 Oceania: 0.2 2000 Africa: 1.59 Asia: 33.57 Europe: 45.37 North America: 2.2 South America: 24.81 Oceania: 0.19 2001 Africa: 1.67 Asia: 32.55 Europe: 48.31 North America: 2.18 South America: 24.35 Oceania: 0.19 2002 Africa: 1.66 Asia: 31.07 Europe: 46.11 North America: 2.24 South America: 25.23 Oceania: 0.19 2003 Africa: 1.89 Asia: 37.05 Europe: 49.57 North America: 2.32 South America: 26.01 Oceania: 0.19 2004 Africa: 1.92 Asia: 38.49 Europe: 51.24 North America: 2.33 South America: 28.91 Oceania: 0.19 2005 Africa: 2.01 Asia: 38.66 Europe: 50.33 North America: 2.31 South America: 30.49 Oceania: 0.2 2006 Africa: 2.13 Asia: 41.16 Europe: 52.74 North America: 2.28 South America: 29.04 Oceania: 0.2 2007 Africa: 2.24 Asia: 43.12 Europe: 52.52 North America: 2.35 South America: 34.48 Oceania: 0.22 2008 Africa: 2.37 Asia: 44.07 Europe: 51.01 North America: 2.29 South America: 33.03 Oceania: 0.18 2009 Africa: 2.49 Asia: 43.04 Europe: 45.84 North America: 2.39 South America: 36.62 Oceania: 0.18 2010 Africa: 2.69 Asia: 47.91 Europe: 46.76 North America: 2.37 South America: 39.49 Oceania: 0.2 2011 Africa: 2.91 Asia: 47.43 Europe: 46.87 North America: 2.38 South America: 40.4 Oceania: 0.2 2012 Africa: 2.92 Asia: 46.22 Europe: 44.01 North America: 2.16 South America: 41.5 Oceania: 0.21 2013 Africa: 3.32 Asia: 43.89 Europe: 43.33 North America: 2.35 South America: 41.2 Oceania: 0.21 2014 Africa: 3.61 Asia: 42.66 Europe: 41.31 North America: 2.38 South America: 46.57 Oceania: 0.21 2015 Africa: 3.57 Asia: 38.54 Europe: 43.6 North America: 2.44 South America: 45.25 Oceania: 0.21 2016 Africa: 4.14 Asia: 39.05 Europe: 44.01 North America: 2.61 South America: 46.04 Oceania: 0.22 2017 Africa: 4.69 Asia: 46.27 Europe: 43.28 North America: 2.83 South America: 46.96 Oceania: 0.23 2018 Africa: 4.83 Asia: 47.81 Europe: 42.68 North America: 2.93 South America: 47.23 Oceania: 0.22 2019 Africa: 4.94 Asia: 48.06 Europe: 41.48 North America: 2.46 South America: 49.38 Oceania: 0.24 2020 Africa: 5.16 Asia: 44.59 Europe: 36.6 North America: 2.03 South America: 39.86 Oceania: 0.22 2021 Africa: 5.02 Asia: 44.2 Europe: 38.19 North America: 2.43 South America: 49.07 Oceania: 0.24 2022 Africa: 5.84 Asia: 45.05 Europe: 36.51 North America: 2.54 South America: 53.43 Oceania: 0.23 2023 Africa: 5.6 Asia: 47.63 Europe: 34.03 North America: 2.53 South America: 55.33 Oceania: 0.23 2024 Africa: 5.65 Asia: 48.67 Europe: 32.69 North America: 2.63 South America: 58.11 Oceania: 0.24 1950 1972 1983 1994 2005 2024

By continent

median country
Africa 5.7 Mt
Asia 48.7 Mt
Europe 32.7 Mt
North America 2.6 Mt
South America 58.1 Mt
Oceania 0.2 Mt

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart above, up to six at a time. The ranking uses the latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value; countries without a value that year are not listed.