Fossil CO₂ emissions (fossil fuels and cement)

204 countries, 2025. Unit: million tonnes CO₂.

First in the ranking
12,417.5 Mt
China
Median country
12.3 Mt
half above, half below
World total
38,995.1 Mt
Global Carbon Project aggregate
Range
0.0 to 12,417.5
Tuvalu - China

How to read it

Across 204 countries worldwide, the highest value is in China (12,417.5 Mt) and the lowest in Tuvalu (0.0 Mt).

The median country is at 12.3 Mt: half are above, half below.

For the world as a total, the value rose from 24,273.4 Mt in 1996 to 38,995.1 Mt in 2025.

Compare selected countries · on the world map

Source: Global Carbon Project, Global Carbon Budget, national fossil CO₂ emissions · licence

Fossil CO₂ emissions over time

Mt

Ranking of countries

2025
In chart Continent Share of the highest value
1China12,417.5Asia
2United States5,035.6North America
3India3,203.4Asia
4Russia1,766.7Europe
5Japan960.2Asia
6Iran855.3Asia
7Indonesia821.8Asia
8Saudi Arabia638.2Asia
9South Korea580.6Asia
10Germany573.5Europe
11Canada547.3North America
12Brazil496.7South America
13Türkiye485.9Asia
14Mexico470.9North America
15South Africa460.1Africa
16Australia378.8Oceania
17Vietnam374.7Asia
18United Kingdom319.9Europe
19Kazakhstan310.0Asia
20Malaysia306.4Asia
21Italy293.9Europe
22Poland283.7Europe
23Thailand256.5Asia
24France255.3Europe
25Iraq255.0Asia
26Egypt247.3Africa
27United Arab Emirates235.3Asia
28Pakistan211.8Asia
29Spain210.5Europe
30Algeria206.6Africa
31Argentina176.2South America
32Philippines169.2Asia
33Nigeria142.3Africa
34Ukraine138.8Europe
35Uzbekistan126.6Asia
36Netherlands116.3Europe
37Bangladesh115.9Asia
38Kuwait112.9Asia
39Venezuela101.7South America
40Qatar98.1Asia
41Colombia96.1South America
42Oman89.3Asia
43Belgium87.0Europe
44Turkmenistan85.9Asia
45Czechia78.0Europe
46Libya77.6Africa
47Chile76.3South America
48Morocco71.8Africa
49Peru69.0South America
50Romania63.2Europe
51North Korea62.0Asia
52Israel58.9Asia
53Austria55.2Europe
54Singapore54.1Asia
55Greece53.8Europe
56Belarus53.1Europe
57Ecuador45.7South America
58Serbia42.4Europe
59Mongolia41.7Asia
60Sweden40.0Europe
61Azerbaijan38.4Asia
62Hungary38.2Europe
63Bahrain37.0Asia
64Portugal36.9Europe
65Norway36.5Europe
66Myanmar35.2Asia
67Dominican Republic34.5North America
68Bulgaria33.8Europe
69Tunisia32.7Africa
70Ireland31.7Europe
71Switzerland31.1Europe
72New Zealand31.0Oceania
73Hong Kong30.4Asia
74Trinidad and Tobago29.4North America
75Finland29.1Europe
76Syria29.0Asia
77Slovakia28.5Europe
78Cambodia27.7Asia
79Jordan27.2Asia
80Bolivia26.1South America
81Ghana25.6Africa
82Denmark24.4Europe
83Laos24.1Asia
84Cuba23.7North America
85Angola23.6Africa
86Kenya22.9Africa
87Guatemala21.3North America
88Tanzania19.6Africa
89Sri Lanka19.5Asia
90Croatia19.2Europe
91Yemen19.0Asia
92Ethiopia19.0Africa
93Côte d'Ivoire18.7Africa
94Bosnia and Herzegovina18.7Europe
95Zimbabwe17.3Africa
96Lebanon16.7Asia
97Nepal16.1Asia
98Senegal14.4Africa
99Honduras13.6North America
100Sudan12.9Africa
101Panama12.6North America
102Kyrgyzstan12.4Asia
103Georgia12.1Asia
104Slovenia11.9Europe
105Lithuania11.8Europe
106Zambia11.8Africa
107Tajikistan11.8Asia
108Afghanistan11.2Asia
109Brunei10.8Asia
110Costa Rica9.6North America
111El Salvador9.5North America
112Mozambique8.7Africa
113Papua New Guinea8.7Oceania
114Paraguay8.5South America
115Republic of the Congo8.4Africa
116Benin8.3Africa
117Jamaica8.3North America
118Cameroon8.2Africa
119Mali7.8Africa
120Burkina Faso7.8Africa
121Uruguay7.7South America
122Estonia7.5Europe
123Cyprus7.3Asia
124Uganda7.0Africa
125Botswana6.9Africa
126North Macedonia6.6Europe
127Nicaragua6.4North America
128Armenia6.4Asia
129Luxembourg6.3Europe
130Latvia6.3Europe
131Equatorial Guinea6.1Africa
132Mauritania5.8Africa
133Moldova5.5Europe
134New Caledonia5.2Oceania
135Mauritius4.9Africa
136Guinea4.7Africa
137Albania4.6Europe
138Madagascar4.6Africa
139Gabon4.5Africa
140Democratic Republic of the Congo4.5Africa
141Guyana4.2South America
142Palestine4.1Asia
143Niger3.6Africa
144Namibia3.5Africa
145Iceland3.5Europe
146Togo3.0Africa
147South Sudan3.0Africa
148Suriname2.7South America
149Montenegro2.6Europe
150Bahamas2.6North America
151Maldives2.5Asia
152Chad2.4Africa
153Rwanda2.1Africa
154Malawi1.9Africa
155Bhutan1.8Asia
156Fiji1.8Oceania
157Malta1.7Europe
158Sierra Leone1.6Africa
159Curaçao1.6North America
160Haiti1.5North America
161Somalia1.4Africa
162Barbados1.4North America
163Eswatini1.1Africa
164French Polynesia1.0Oceania
165Macao1.0Asia
166Aruba0.9North America
167The Gambia0.9Africa
168Belize0.9North America
169Liberia0.8Africa
170Sint Maarten0.8North America
171Burundi0.8Africa
172Eritrea0.8Africa
173Faroe Islands0.8Europe
174Lesotho0.8Africa
175Cabo Verde0.7Africa
176Antigua and Barbuda0.7North America
177Timor-Leste0.7Asia
178Seychelles0.7Africa
179Djibouti0.6Africa
180Greenland0.6North America
181Solomon Islands0.6Oceania
182Comoros0.6Africa
183Saint Lucia0.6North America
184Bermuda0.5North America
185Andorra0.5Europe
186Central African Republic0.4Africa
187Guinea-Bissau0.4Africa
188Turks and Caicos Islands0.4North America
189Grenada0.4North America
190Vanuatu0.3Oceania
191Samoa0.3Oceania
192Saint Kitts and Nevis0.3North America
193Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.3North America
194Palau0.2Oceania
195British Virgin Islands0.2North America
196Dominica0.2North America
197Marshall Islands0.2Oceania
198Tonga0.2Oceania
199Federated States of Micronesia0.2Oceania
200São Tomé and Principe0.1Africa
201Liechtenstein0.1Europe
202Kiribati0.1Oceania
203Nauru0.1Oceania
204Tuvalu0.0Oceania
Global Carbon Project · 2025 · CC BY 4.0 Source and licence

Biggest changes, 2015-2025

% change · 204 countries

Largest increase

  1. Cambodia 8.2 → 27.7 +236%
  2. Comoros 0.2 → 0.6 +227%
  3. Nepal 6.2 → 16.1 +158%
  4. Laos 9.4 → 24.1 +156%
  5. Guinea-Bissau 0.2 → 0.4 +153%

Largest decrease

  1. Curaçao 6.7 → 1.6 −76%
  2. Estonia 15.8 → 7.5 −52%
  3. Haiti 2.7 → 1.5 −44%
  4. Venezuela 181.0 → 101.7 −44%
  5. Macao 1.7 → 1.0 −42%

Continents over time

median country of each continent

Fossil CO₂ emissions - continent medians

Mt

Africa Asia Europe North America South America Oceania

0 20 40 60 1950 Africa: 0.13 Asia: 1.57 Europe: 8.92 North America: 0.26 South America: 3.34 Oceania: 0.11 1951 Africa: 0.13 Asia: 1.59 Europe: 9.79 North America: 0.3 South America: 3.5 Oceania: 0.13 1952 Africa: 0.16 Asia: 1.81 Europe: 9.47 North America: 0.34 South America: 3.94 Oceania: 0.12 1953 Africa: 0.18 Asia: 2 Europe: 9.77 North America: 0.35 South America: 4.25 Oceania: 0.12 1954 Africa: 0.19 Asia: 2.67 Europe: 10.43 North America: 0.37 South America: 4.7 Oceania: 0.12 1955 Africa: 0.2 Asia: 2.79 Europe: 11.78 North America: 0.39 South America: 4.73 Oceania: 0.12 1956 Africa: 0.21 Asia: 2.65 Europe: 12.39 North America: 0.44 South America: 4.87 Oceania: 0.12 1957 Africa: 0.25 Asia: 2.75 Europe: 13.52 North America: 0.48 South America: 5.25 Oceania: 0.14 1958 Africa: 0.23 Asia: 3.15 Europe: 14.4 North America: 0.55 South America: 5.37 Oceania: 0.14 1959 Africa: 0.21 Asia: 3.12 Europe: 14.4 North America: 0.5 South America: 5.47 Oceania: 0.15 1960 Africa: 0.25 Asia: 3.49 Europe: 15.7 North America: 0.54 South America: 5.89 Oceania: 0.17 1961 Africa: 0.26 Asia: 3.9 Europe: 16.49 North America: 0.53 South America: 6.02 Oceania: 0.11 1962 Africa: 0.29 Asia: 4.92 Europe: 16.98 North America: 0.62 South America: 6.59 Oceania: 0.04 1963 Africa: 0.33 Asia: 5.88 Europe: 18.93 North America: 0.66 South America: 6.85 Oceania: 0.06 1964 Africa: 0.3 Asia: 6.28 Europe: 22.4 North America: 0.83 South America: 7.92 Oceania: 0.06 1965 Africa: 0.29 Asia: 6.11 Europe: 24.73 North America: 0.78 South America: 8.26 Oceania: 0.06 1966 Africa: 0.34 Asia: 6.52 Europe: 28.5 North America: 0.9 South America: 8.8 Oceania: 0.09 1967 Africa: 0.45 Asia: 7.03 Europe: 28 North America: 0.89 South America: 8.75 Oceania: 0.1 1968 Africa: 0.45 Asia: 9.22 Europe: 32.57 North America: 1.15 South America: 9.16 Oceania: 0.1 1969 Africa: 0.53 Asia: 9.04 Europe: 36.37 North America: 1.11 South America: 9.87 Oceania: 0.1 1970 Africa: 0.67 Asia: 13.09 Europe: 39.36 North America: 1.3 South America: 11.14 Oceania: 0.12 1971 Africa: 0.75 Asia: 11.51 Europe: 39.91 North America: 1.41 South America: 11.54 Oceania: 0.15 1972 Africa: 0.64 Asia: 12.68 Europe: 41.85 North America: 1.51 South America: 11.45 Oceania: 0.14 1973 Africa: 0.75 Asia: 13.82 Europe: 44.98 North America: 1.67 South America: 12.05 Oceania: 0.14 1974 Africa: 0.78 Asia: 13.11 Europe: 40.46 North America: 1.51 South America: 12.94 Oceania: 0.15 1975 Africa: 0.79 Asia: 13.75 Europe: 39.87 North America: 1.56 South America: 13.81 Oceania: 0.15 1976 Africa: 0.83 Asia: 13.33 Europe: 42.12 North America: 2.06 South America: 14.38 Oceania: 0.17 1977 Africa: 0.76 Asia: 14.43 Europe: 45.74 North America: 1.93 South America: 14.67 Oceania: 0.18 1978 Africa: 0.71 Asia: 14.97 Europe: 46.59 North America: 1.99 South America: 15.63 Oceania: 0.2 1979 Africa: 0.89 Asia: 17.32 Europe: 49.75 North America: 1.61 South America: 16.38 Oceania: 0.19 1980 Africa: 0.77 Asia: 17.94 Europe: 49.87 North America: 1.92 South America: 17.8 Oceania: 0.2 1981 Africa: 0.69 Asia: 18.18 Europe: 50.81 North America: 1.74 South America: 19.29 Oceania: 0.22 1982 Africa: 0.86 Asia: 18.88 Europe: 47.88 North America: 1.68 South America: 18.97 Oceania: 0.22 1983 Africa: 0.89 Asia: 19.74 Europe: 49.89 North America: 1.8 South America: 18.89 Oceania: 0.27 1984 Africa: 0.9 Asia: 20.53 Europe: 50.69 North America: 1.55 South America: 19.84 Oceania: 0.29 1985 Africa: 0.93 Asia: 21.7 Europe: 55.88 North America: 1.81 South America: 18.36 Oceania: 0.35 1986 Africa: 0.87 Asia: 23.01 Europe: 55.56 North America: 1.32 South America: 17.54 Oceania: 0.36 1987 Africa: 0.93 Asia: 25.19 Europe: 58.02 North America: 1.33 South America: 17.91 Oceania: 0.3 1988 Africa: 0.95 Asia: 25.61 Europe: 54.75 North America: 1.44 South America: 20.02 Oceania: 0.34 1989 Africa: 0.99 Asia: 25.12 Europe: 54.51 North America: 1.43 South America: 19.86 Oceania: 0.33 1990 Africa: 0.97 Asia: 21.49 Europe: 55.2 North America: 1.53 South America: 19.87 Oceania: 0.15 1991 Africa: 1 Asia: 17.41 Europe: 50.13 North America: 1.59 South America: 19.59 Oceania: 0.16 1992 Africa: 1.02 Asia: 25.37 Europe: 49.93 North America: 1.52 South America: 20.21 Oceania: 0.15 1993 Africa: 1.06 Asia: 27.52 Europe: 47.92 North America: 1.34 South America: 20.96 Oceania: 0.16 1994 Africa: 1.1 Asia: 29.11 Europe: 47.01 North America: 1.35 South America: 19.37 Oceania: 0.17 1995 Africa: 1.19 Asia: 30.82 Europe: 49.33 North America: 1.43 South America: 23.71 Oceania: 0.19 1996 Africa: 1.24 Asia: 30.29 Europe: 49.02 North America: 1.43 South America: 24.99 Oceania: 0.19 1997 Africa: 1.24 Asia: 30.42 Europe: 52.04 North America: 1.48 South America: 24.8 Oceania: 0.2 1998 Africa: 1.34 Asia: 32.78 Europe: 52.34 North America: 1.24 South America: 25.75 Oceania: 0.21 1999 Africa: 1.66 Asia: 31.16 Europe: 45.41 North America: 1.67 South America: 25.96 Oceania: 0.2 2000 Africa: 1.53 Asia: 33.53 Europe: 45.39 North America: 2.2 South America: 25 Oceania: 0.2 2001 Africa: 1.64 Asia: 32.41 Europe: 48.33 North America: 2.18 South America: 24.57 Oceania: 0.19 2002 Africa: 1.67 Asia: 31.25 Europe: 46.12 North America: 2.24 South America: 25.54 Oceania: 0.19 2003 Africa: 1.9 Asia: 37.44 Europe: 49.57 North America: 2.32 South America: 26.39 Oceania: 0.19 2004 Africa: 1.9 Asia: 38.57 Europe: 51.24 North America: 2.33 South America: 29.54 Oceania: 0.19 2005 Africa: 1.98 Asia: 38.95 Europe: 50.39 North America: 2.4 South America: 31.15 Oceania: 0.2 2006 Africa: 2.27 Asia: 41.82 Europe: 52.72 North America: 2.37 South America: 29.76 Oceania: 0.2 2007 Africa: 2.37 Asia: 43.09 Europe: 52.58 North America: 2.45 South America: 34.93 Oceania: 0.22 2008 Africa: 2.58 Asia: 44.16 Europe: 50.99 North America: 2.44 South America: 33.55 Oceania: 0.19 2009 Africa: 2.62 Asia: 43.45 Europe: 46.06 North America: 2.52 South America: 37.12 Oceania: 0.19 2010 Africa: 2.79 Asia: 48.94 Europe: 47.03 North America: 2.44 South America: 40.08 Oceania: 0.2 2011 Africa: 2.93 Asia: 48.28 Europe: 46.91 North America: 2.39 South America: 39.88 Oceania: 0.2 2012 Africa: 3 Asia: 47.28 Europe: 44.14 North America: 2.18 South America: 40.83 Oceania: 0.21 2013 Africa: 3.46 Asia: 40.23 Europe: 43.33 North America: 2.3 South America: 40.73 Oceania: 0.21 2014 Africa: 3.64 Asia: 42.66 Europe: 41.29 North America: 2.33 South America: 46.05 Oceania: 0.21 2015 Africa: 3.43 Asia: 38.68 Europe: 43.72 North America: 2.39 South America: 44.81 Oceania: 0.22 2016 Africa: 3.97 Asia: 39.15 Europe: 43.98 North America: 2.53 South America: 45.57 Oceania: 0.23 2017 Africa: 4.41 Asia: 46.67 Europe: 43.23 North America: 2.71 South America: 46.61 Oceania: 0.23 2018 Africa: 4.55 Asia: 46.9 Europe: 42.67 North America: 2.8 South America: 47.06 Oceania: 0.23 2019 Africa: 4.62 Asia: 45.8 Europe: 41.47 North America: 2.01 South America: 49.06 Oceania: 0.25 2020 Africa: 4.54 Asia: 42.95 Europe: 36.58 North America: 1.67 South America: 38.66 Oceania: 0.23 2021 Africa: 4.58 Asia: 44.93 Europe: 38.18 North America: 1.99 South America: 47.06 Oceania: 0.26 2022 Africa: 5.6 Asia: 46 Europe: 36.95 North America: 2.11 South America: 50.98 Oceania: 0.23 2023 Africa: 4.77 Asia: 46.62 Europe: 33.96 North America: 1.47 South America: 54.68 Oceania: 0.27 2024 Africa: 4.93 Asia: 47.74 Europe: 32.65 North America: 1.49 South America: 57.1 Oceania: 0.28 2025 Africa: 5.38 Asia: 47.92 Europe: 32.76 North America: 1.54 South America: 57.34 Oceania: 0.29 1950 1972 1983 1994 2005 2025

By continent

median country
Africa 5.4 Mt
Asia 47.9 Mt
Europe 32.8 Mt
North America 1.5 Mt
South America 57.3 Mt
Oceania 0.3 Mt

Tick a country in the table to add it to the chart above, up to six at a time. The ranking uses the latest year for which at least half of the countries have a value; countries without a value that year are not listed.