| Population |
|---|
| Population |
2025 |
168,999 |
8.2 bn |
| Population density · /km² |
2023 |
81.0 |
62.1 |
| Population growth · % |
2025 |
0.59 |
0.91 |
| Life expectancy at birth · years |
2024 |
71.7 |
73.5 |
| Fertility rate |
2024 |
2.75 |
2.19 |
| Birth rate · ‰ |
2024 |
20.1 |
16.3 |
| Infant mortality · ‰ |
2024 |
16.5 |
27.7 |
| Urban population · % |
2025 |
65.4 |
57.8 |
| Population aged 65 and over · % |
2025 |
6.9 |
10.4 |
| Population living in cities (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
0.0 |
44.8 |
| Population living in towns and semi-dense areas (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
39.5 |
35.6 |
| Population living in rural areas (Degree of Urbanisation) · % |
2025 |
36.4 |
19.6 |
| Human development |
|---|
| Human Development Index (HDI) |
2023 |
0.706 |
0.756 |
| Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |
2023 |
0.609 |
0.590 |
| Planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI) |
2023 |
0.700 |
0.680 |
| Gender Inequality Index (GII) |
2023 |
0.430 |
0.455 |
| Economy |
|---|
| Gross domestic product · US$ |
2025 |
983.6 mn |
118.4 tn |
| GDP per capita · US$ |
2025 |
6,294 |
14,406 |
| GDP per capita, purchasing power parity · int. $ |
2025 |
8,820 |
25,704 |
| GNI per capita (Atlas method) · US$ |
2025 |
6,535 |
14,244 |
| Real GDP growth · % |
2025 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
| Inflation, consumer prices · % |
2025 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
| Trade (exports plus imports) · % |
2025 |
93.1 |
68.5 |
| Exports of goods and services · % |
2025 |
27.6 |
29.5 |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows · % |
2024 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
| Manufacturing, value added · % |
2025 |
5.1 |
14.9 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added · % |
2025 |
11.6 |
4.0 |
| Tax revenue · % |
2024 |
23.3 |
13.8 |
| Central government debt · % |
2019 |
40.9 |
- |
| Military expenditure · % |
2024 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
| Labour |
|---|
| Unemployment rate (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
| Youth unemployment rate (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
13.0 |
13.4 |
| Female labour force participation · % |
2025 |
51.1 |
48.9 |
| Employment in agriculture (modelled ILO estimate) · % |
2025 |
23.6 |
25.8 |
| Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person · h |
2025 |
35.3 |
40.9 |
| Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET), ages 15-24 · % |
2025 |
21.9 |
20.0 |
| Labour income share of GDP · % |
2024 |
47.0 |
52.5 |
| Output per hour worked (GDP, constant 2021 international $ at PPP) · $ |
2025 |
19.0 |
23.3 |
| Health |
|---|
| Current health expenditure · % |
2023 |
10.3 |
10.1 |
| Current health expenditure per capita · US$ |
2023 |
433 |
1,317 |
| Physicians · /1,000 |
2022 |
3.61 |
1.86 |
| Under-5 mortality · ‰ |
2024 |
19.6 |
37.4 |
| Maternal mortality ratio (modelled estimate) · /100k |
2023 |
101 |
197 |
| Current tobacco use among adults · % |
2024 |
29.9 |
20.3 |
| People using safely managed drinking water · % |
2024 |
72.0 |
73.7 |
| Food |
|---|
| Dietary energy supply per person · kcal |
2023 |
3,031 |
3,017 |
| Average protein supply per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
101.9 |
92.5 |
| Average supply of protein of animal origin per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
58.0 |
38.7 |
| Average fat supply per person (3-year average) · g |
2022 |
121.1 |
89.7 |
| Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (3-year average) · % |
2024 |
18.2 |
26.8 |
| Prevalence of severe food insecurity (3-year average) · % |
2024 |
4.8 |
9.8 |
| Cereal import dependency ratio (3-year average) · % |
2022 |
93.9 |
-0.9 |
| Education |
|---|
| Adult literacy rate · % |
2024 |
- |
87.7 |
| School enrolment, secondary (gross) · % |
2024 |
92.4 |
77.3 |
| School enrolment, tertiary (gross) · % |
2023 |
42.9 |
43.2 |
| Government expenditure on education · % |
2023 |
5.9 |
3.6 |
| Expected years of schooling · yrs |
2023 |
12.6 |
13.0 |
| Mean years of schooling (adults 25+) · yrs |
2023 |
10.6 |
8.8 |
| Society |
|---|
| Gini index of income inequality |
2018 |
34.3 |
- |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) · % |
2018 |
0.6 |
11.1 |
| Individuals using the internet · % |
2024 |
74.7 |
71.2 |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions · /100 |
2024 |
112.6 |
110.4 |
| Access to electricity · % |
2024 |
100.0 |
91.9 |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments · % |
2025 |
10.2 |
27.2 |
| Refugees |
|---|
| Refugees hosted (under UNHCR mandate, by country of asylum) |
2025 |
1,082 |
28.5 mn |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 inhabitants · ‰ |
2025 |
0.4 |
3.5 |
| Asylum-seekers hosted (pending cases, by country of asylum) |
2025 |
1,607 |
9 mn |
| Refugees originating from the country (under UNHCR mandate) |
2025 |
15 |
28.5 mn |
| Refugees originating from the country per 1,000 inhabitants · ‰ |
2025 |
0.0 |
3.5 |
| Governance |
|---|
| Control of corruption · /100 |
2024 |
58.1 |
- |
| Government effectiveness · /100 |
2024 |
51.1 |
- |
| Rule of law · /100 |
2024 |
74.1 |
- |
| Regulatory quality · /100 |
2024 |
50.8 |
- |
| Voice and accountability · /100 |
2024 |
72.5 |
- |
| Political stability and absence of violence · /100 |
2024 |
85.2 |
- |
| Environment |
|---|
| CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding land use) · t |
2024 |
0.59 |
4.69 |
| Fossil CO₂ emissions (fossil fuels and cement) · Mt |
2024 |
0.2 |
38,598.6 |
| Share of global fossil CO₂ emissions · % |
2024 |
0.00 |
100.00 |
| Cumulative fossil CO₂ emissions since 1750 · Gt |
2024 |
0.0 |
1,849.1 |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions per capita (excluding land use) · t |
2024 |
1.02 |
6.36 |
| Renewable energy consumption · % |
2021 |
8.3 |
- |
| Forest area · % |
2023 |
51.9 |
31.1 |
| PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure · µg/m³ |
2023 |
4.8 |
32.9 |
| Level of water stress (freshwater withdrawal of available resources) · % |
2022 |
2.5 |
- |
| Land area · km² |
2023 |
810 |
129.8 mn |
| Energy |
|---|
| Share of renewables in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
25.0 |
31.6 |
| Share of wind and solar in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
9.6 |
15.0 |
| Share of nuclear in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
| Share of low-carbon sources (renewables and nuclear) in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
25.0 |
40.6 |
| Share of fossil fuels in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
75.0 |
59.4 |
| Share of coal in electricity generation · % |
2024 |
0.0 |
34.4 |
| Carbon intensity of electricity generation · g/kWh |
2024 |
540 |
474 |
| Electricity demand per capita · MWh |
2024 |
2.55 |
3.81 |
